{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:49:02Z","timestamp":1789040942671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006143","name":"Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant # FP-140002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # FP-140002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is linked with acute alterations in blood pressure (BP). We examined the cumulative short-term effect of black carbon (BC) exposure on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP and assessed effect modification by participant characteristics. SBP and DBP were repeatedly measured on 152 traffic enforcers. Using a linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts, quadratic (QCDL) and cubic (CCDL) constrained distributed lag models were fitted to estimate the cumulative effect of BC concentration on SBP and DBP during the 10 hours (daily exposure) and 7 days (weekly exposure) before the BP measurement. Ambient BC was related to increased BP with QCDL models. An interquartile range change in BC cumulative during the 7 days before the BP measurement was associated with increased BP (1.2% change in mean SBP, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1 to 2.3; and 0.5% change in mean DBP, 95% CI, \u22120.8 to 1.7). Moreover, the association between the 10-h cumulative BC exposure and SBP was stronger for female (4.0% change, 95% CI: 2.1\u20135.9) versus male and for obese (2.9% change, 95% CI: 1.0\u20134.8) vs. non-obese traffic enforcers. Short-term cumulative exposure to ambient traffic-related BC could bring about cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms involving increased BP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T02:43:09Z","timestamp":1637289789000},"page":"12122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Short-Term Cumulative Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Black Carbon and Blood Pressure: MMDA Traffic Enforcers\u2019 Health Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zypher Jude G.","family":"Regencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godofreda V.","family":"Dalmacion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"},{"name":"Professional Regulation Commission, Manila 1008, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio D.","family":"Ligsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School & College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines"},{"name":"Clinical Research Section, St. Luke\u2019s College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City 1112, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel S.","family":"Baja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Stanaway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006). 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