{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:19:14Z","timestamp":1781939954655,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000023","name":"Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPCA-0617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPCA-0617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013200","name":"Government of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["011427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["011427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation","award":["RES0042203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0042203"]}]},{"name":"Royal Canadian Legion","award":["RES0048730 and RES0046384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0048730 and RES0046384"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-modal motion-assisted memory desensitization and reconsolidation therapy (3MDR), an interactive, virtual reality-assisted, exposure-based intervention for PTSD, has shown promising results for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder (TR-PTSD) among military members (MMs) and veterans in randomized controlled trials (RCT). Previous research has suggested that emotional regulation (ER) and emotional dysregulation (ED) may be factors which are correlated with symptom severity and maintenance of TR-PTSD. This embedded mixed-methods pilot study (n = 9) sought to explore the impact of 3MDR on ER and ED of MMs and veterans. Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-18) data were collected at baseline, prior to each session, and at one week, one month, and three months postintervention and analyzed. Qualitative data collected from sessions, debriefs, and follow-up interviews were transcribed and descriptively analyzed. Results demonstrated statistically significant decreases in DERS-18 scores from preintervention to postintervention at each timepoint. Qualitatively, participants perceived improvements in ER within specified DERS-18 domains. We describe how 3MDR\u2019s unique and novel approach addresses ED through cognitive\u2013motor stimulation, narration, divergent thinking, reappraisal of aversive stimuli, dual-task processing, and reconsolidation of traumatic memories. More studies are needed to better understand the underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which 3MDR addresses ER and PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T02:55:17Z","timestamp":1637636117000},"page":"12243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Decreased Emotional Dysregulation Following Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Therapy (3MDR): Identifying Possible Driving Factors in Remediation of Treatment-Resistant PTSD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-5632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-4099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5E 5R8, Canada"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3712-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraine","family":"Smith-MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R. G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0579-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric H. G. J. M.","family":"Vermetten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"ARQ National Psychotrauma Center, 1112 XE Diemen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Military Mental Health, Dutch Ministry of Defense, 3584 EZ Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4167-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzette","family":"Br\u00e9mault-Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Heroes in Mind, Advocacy and Research Consortium (HiMARC), Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currier, J.M., Holland, J.M., and Drescher, K.D. 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