{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:35Z","timestamp":1760236475695,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the conditions that cause the spread of COVID-19, national health systems worldwide are under severe strain. Most countries face similar difficulties such as a lack of medical personnel and equipment and tools for diagnosis and treatment, overrun hospitals, and forced restriction of planned medical care. Public authorities in healthcare take the following measures due to increased pressure: limiting the transmission and spread of the virus (social distancing and quarantine), mobilizing medical personnel, ensuring the availability of diagnostic and treatment tools, and providing a sufficient number of premises, which are not always suitable for the provision of medical care (buildings and structures). To date, the stages of management decision-making to counter coronavirus infection and the risk of COVID-19 transmission at various facilities have not been analyzed. The authors propose a methodology for assessing the COVID-19 transmission risk at various social and transport facilities. A survey of 1325 respondents from Moscow demonstrated the most significant risk factors, such as visitation avoidance, infection risk, and facemask wearing. Risk categories were determined and objects classified according to high, medium, and low-risk levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1638247717000},"page":"12456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sanitary Aspects of Countering the Spread of COVID-19 in Russia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2134-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Belova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5294-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Shashina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Shcherbakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-5527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury","family":"Zhernov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Sukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Zabroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Makarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Isiutina-Fedotkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Mishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Simanovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6403-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Mitrokhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St. bldg. 8\/2, 119435 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"An etiology of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 in Hankow (Province of Hubei, People\u2019s Republic of China) associated with virus 2019-nCoV (Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, Coronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, the subsort Sarbecovirus): SARS-CoV epidemic lessons","volume":"65","author":"Lvov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol. 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