{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:31:38Z","timestamp":1793655098774,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) is the time between the first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is an important predictor of several disease-related outcomes in psychotic disorders. The aim of this manuscript is investigating the influence of cannabis on the DUP and its clinical correlates. Methods: During years 2014\u20132019, sixty-two FEP patients with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD) were recruited from several Italian psychiatric hospitals. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the duration of the DUP and assessed at the beginning of the antipsychotic treatment and after 3 and 6 months, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). Results: As expected, a longer DUP was associated with worse symptoms and cannabis use did not seem to affect the DUP, but both were related with more dissociative symptoms at onset and over time. Discussion: According to our study, cannabis use can be a predictor of FEP and DUP, and of disease outcome. However, several factors might influence the relationship between cannabis use and DUP. Preventing cannabis use and early diagnosis of psychotic disorders might impact the disease by reducing the persistence of symptoms and limiting dissociative experiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"12632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Duration of Untreated Disorder and Cannabis Use: An Observational Study on a Cohort of Young Italian Patients Experiencing Psychotic Experiences and Dissociative Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1717-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Ricci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7292-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Martinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Ceci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-1540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Chiappini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8058-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Di Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3928-2151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius","family":"Burkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavia","family":"Susini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora","family":"Luciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6051-8309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4415-5058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"De Berardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital \u201cG. Mazzini\u201d, ASL 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4164-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Pettorruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D\u2019Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Di Giannantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. 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