{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:10:14Z","timestamp":1791486614489,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated physiological responses and exercise capacity in sedentary young smokers during sub-maximal and maximal test and its impact on dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Fifty sedentary male smokers and non-smokers (age: 24 \u00b1 1 years., weight: 71 \u00b1 9 kg, height: 177.3 \u00b1 4.8 cm, body mass index: 22.6 \u00b1 2.5 kg\/m2) underwent two visits with pulmonary function tests, breathing pattern, and inspiratory capacity measurement at rest and during sub-maximal and maximal exercise. Smokers show reduced exercise capacity during six minutes walk test (6-MWT) with decreased walked distance (p &lt; 0.001) and inspiratory capacity (p &lt; 0.05). During cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), smokers had higher minute ventilation VE for a given submaximal intensity (p &lt; 0.05) and lower minute ventilation at maximal exercise (p &lt; 0.001). End expiratory lung volume was significantly lower in sedentary smokers at rest (p &lt; 0.05), at ventilatory threshold during exercise (p &lt; 0.05), but not during peak exercise. End inspiratory lung volume was significantly lower in smokers at rest (p &lt; 0.05) and ventilatory threshold (p &lt; 0.05). Cigarette smoking alters lung function during submaximal and maximal exercise. This alteration is manifested by the development of dynamic hyperinflation contributing to exercise capacity limitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T05:02:36Z","timestamp":1638334956000},"page":"12665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Six-Minute Walk Test and Incremental Exercise on Inspiratory Capacity, Ventilatory Constraints, Breathlessness and Exercise Performance in Sedentary Male Smokers without Airway Obstruction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wassim","family":"Melliti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax BP 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Unit Respiratory Pathology in Southern Tunisia, Pulmonology Department CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Kammoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donies","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Ahmaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3300 \u201cAPS and Motor Patterns: Adaptations-Rehabilitation\u201d, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaouthar","family":"Masmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology and Functional Exploration Service, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8187-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawaz","family":"Alassery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habib","family":"Hamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Moncton University, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9873-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Chlif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3300 \u201cAPS and Motor Patterns: Adaptations-Rehabilitation\u201d, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France"},{"name":"National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (NCMSS), Tunisian Research Laboratory Sports Performance Optimization, Ave Med Ali Akid, El Menzah, Tunis 263, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"D869","article-title":"The effects of smoking on health: Growth of knowledge reveals even grimmer picture","volume":"160","author":"Mackenbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ned. 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