{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1787028335192,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this study was to describe the integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype in rowers to determine whether the intense practice of rowing causes a modification of the sagittal curvatures of the spine, its relationship with the rowing technique, and training background. The second goal was to analyse how the dorsal and lumbar curves behave in the three phases of the rowing gesture, and to determine which phases can be detrimental to the correct development of the spine during growth. We analysed the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of 29 females and 82 males, which were measured with an inclinometer in standing, slump sitting, maximal trunk flexion and during rowing performance. The average value of thoracic kyphosis in the rowers was 30\u00b0 (mean, 30 + 8.27\u00b0). Thoracic hyperkyphosis was found in only two rowers (1.8%). Lumbar lordosis was within normal range in 84.1% of the males (mean, 27 + 9.57\u00b0) and 75.9% of female rowers (mean, 33\u00b0). Functional thoracic hyperkyphosis was observed in 57.4% of the males and 17.1% of the females. Functional lumbar hyperkyphosis was observed in 28 of the 69 males (40.5%) and five of 22 females (17.2%). Rowing seems to provide adequate spine alignment in the sagittal plane on standing. The integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype showed that half or our rowers presented with functional thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 43.2% presented with functional lumbar hyperkyphosis. Spine behaviour during the rowing technique shows that the thoracic kyphosis (98.2%) and lumbar spine (91%) perform within normative ranges and could explain the adequate positioning of the spine in the sagittal plane on standing. Years of rowing training tend to reduce thoracic kyphosis in males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182412930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T02:07:18Z","timestamp":1639102038000},"page":"12930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Male and Female Rowers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Ram\u00f3n","family":"Alvero-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andaluc\u00eda Tech, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de Teatinos, University of M\u00e1laga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Santonja-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d University Clinical Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-0332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Sanz-Mengibar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Sainz de Baranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8229","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8229","article-title":"Sagittal spinal morphotype assessment in 8 to 15 years old Inline Hockey players","volume":"8","author":"Cejudo","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winters, J.M., and Woo, S.L.-Y. 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