{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:16:08Z","timestamp":1790680568734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor sleep is associated with a higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a proxy of unfavorable emotion regulation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that past non-suicidal self-injury was associated with current non-suicidal self-injury and with current subjective sleep patterns. To this end, a larger sample of young adults were assessed. A total of 2374 adults (mean age: 27.58 years; 39.6% females) completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, past and current NSSIs, suicide attempts, and current sleep patterns, including experiencing nightmares. Past NSSIs predicted current NSSIs. Current sleep patterns had a modest impact on the association between past and current NSSIs. Compared to male participants, female participants did not report more sleep complaints or more current NSSIs, but more past NSSIs. Past NSSIs predicted the occurrences of nightmares and suicide attempts. The best predictor of current NSSI was the remembered past NSSI, while current poor sleep was only modestly associated with current NSSI. Further indicators of current NSSI and poor sleep were suicide attempts and nightmares within the last six months. Overall, it appears that poor emotion regulation should be considered as underlying factor to trigger and maintain non-suicidal self-injury-related behavior and poor sleep. Further, unlike previous studies, which focused on the possible influence of sleep patterns on NSSIs, the aim of the present study paradigm was to investigate NSSIs on sleep patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:46:58Z","timestamp":1639086418000},"page":"13011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["When Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Predicts Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Poor Sleep\u2014Results from a Larger Cross-Sectional and Quasi-Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-3720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habibolah","family":"Khazaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Khazaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Zakiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1552-5822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"D\u00fcrsteler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Clinics, Division of Substance Use Disorders Basel, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette Beatrix","family":"Br\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2175-2765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"},{"name":"Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417466191, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Sadeghi-Bahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran"},{"name":"Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01946","article-title":"Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Cipriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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