{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:44:21Z","timestamp":1791870261410,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]],"date-time":"2021-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Occupational accidents in the Spanish mining industry have been substantially reduced over the last decades. However, the incidence rate shows higher values than other leading mining countries. In this regard, the research carried out reveals the factors influencing the high incidence rates of the Spanish mining sector, based on three scenarios: underground mining (UG), quarries and open pit mining (OP) and mineral processing plants (PP). The three most common types of accident for each scenario have been determined, considering the accidents in Spain between 2009 and 2018. The analysis also includes the main deviations, and physical activities that the injured worker was carrying out at the time of the accident. Besides, a model to predict the number of accidents based on the lost working days is also presented together with the incidence and severity risk index adjusted by the number of employees and their worked hours, respectively, in each scenario. These finding can be relevant to define the most effective measures and policies to reduce the number of accidents in the mining sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:28:11Z","timestamp":1639358891000},"page":"13122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of Occupational Accidents in the Spanish Mining Sector in the Period 2009\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5612-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Sanmiquel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mining Engineering-Industrial and ICT, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08242 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Bascompta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mining Engineering-Industrial and ICT, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08242 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep M.","family":"Rossell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, 08242 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4316-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernan","family":"Anticoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation and Process Project Technology, Universidad de Cantabria (UNICAN), Boulevard Ronda Rufino Pe\u00f3n, 254, 39316 Torrelavega, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2005.08.017","article-title":"Global estimates of occupational accidents","volume":"44","author":"Takala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"International Labour Organization (2003). Safety in Numbers: Suggestions for a General Safety Culture at Work, International Labour Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-7535(95)00064-X","article-title":"Factors associated with occupational injury severity in the New South Wales underground coal mining industry","volume":"21","author":"Saxen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7535(98)00012-5","article-title":"Traumatic work-related fatalities involving mining in Australia","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2003.03.002","article-title":"Causal attributions of Ghanaian industrial workers for accident occurrence: Miners and non-miners perspective","volume":"34","author":"Gyekye","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2008.03.004","article-title":"A Bayesian network analysis of workplace accidents caused by falls from a height","volume":"47","author":"Rivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2009.09.008","article-title":"Analysis of work related accidents in the Spanish mining sector from 1982\u20132006","volume":"41","author":"Sanmiquel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, X., Li, Y., Yao, Y., Luo, X., He, X., and Yin, W. (2018). Development of construction workers job stress scale to study and the relationship between job stress and safety behavior: An empirical study in Beijing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112409"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2007.11.010","article-title":"Evaluation of occupational safety and health in surface mines","volume":"46","author":"Ural","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.01.005","article-title":"Investigation of haul truck-related fatal accidents in surface mining using fault tree analysis","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.03.011","article-title":"Analysis of Fatalities and Injuries Involving Mining Equipment","volume":"38","author":"Groves","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Torres, N., and Dinis, C. (2003, January 5\u20137). Environmental, health and safety management systems for underground mining. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Development and Management of the Subsurface, Utrecht, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12404-008-0072-7","article-title":"Overview of the South African mine health and safety standardization and regulation systems","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Coal Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2008.05.001","article-title":"Safety management systems: Performance differences between adopters and non-adopters","volume":"47","author":"Bottani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-141854","article-title":"Influence of occupational safety management on the incidence rate of occupational accidents in the Spanish industrial and ornamental stone mining","volume":"49","author":"Sanmiquel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2020.1779313","article-title":"Analysis of fatal injuries in Serbian underground coal mines\u201450 years review","volume":"27","author":"Ivaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Fatal. Inj. Control Saf. Promot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2018.07.028","article-title":"Analysis of soma mine disaster using causal analysis based on systems theory (CAST)","volume":"110","author":"Leveson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-018-3211-5","article-title":"Statistical analysis of large accidents in China\u2019s coal mines in 2016","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"164","article-title":"Risk indices for roof bolter injuries using microanalysis","volume":"2","author":"Grayson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Min. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700070409","article-title":"Respiratory predictors of disability days: A five year prospective study of U.S. coal miners","volume":"7","author":"Ames","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230303","article-title":"Transport injuries in small coal mines: An exploratory analysis","volume":"23","author":"Hunting","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"118","article-title":"Characteristics of the 3 most common types of occupational accident in Spanish sub-surface and surface mining, from 2003\u20132008","volume":"79","author":"Sanmiquel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2007.06.005","article-title":"Measuring mining safety with injury statistics: Lost workdays as indicators of risk","volume":"38","author":"Coleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Bates, D.M., and Watts, D.G. (2008). Nonlinear Regression Analysis and Its Applications. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, John Wiley & Sons INC."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-6349(88)90014-4","article-title":"Relative risk analysis of injuries in coal mining by age and experience at present company","volume":"10","author":"Butani","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Occup. Accid."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanmiquel, L., Bascompta, M., Rossell, J.M., Anticoi, H.F., and Guash, E. (2018). Analysis of Occupational Accidents in Underground and Surface Mining in Spain Using Data-mining techniques. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201801.0231.v1"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4375(98)00015-2","article-title":"The Causes of Electrical Fatalities at Work","volume":"29","author":"Williamson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Saf. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/24\/13122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:46:10Z","timestamp":1760168770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/18\/24\/13122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph182413122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182413122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,12]]}}}