{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:53:42Z","timestamp":1787680422121,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study evaluated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel empirical model tested variables that mediate and moderate this impact. First, a relationship was established between psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep quality. Second, resilience-based coping associated with the COVID-19 pandemic was tested as a mediator of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Third, dispositional rumination, mindfulness, and worry were compared as moderators of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Fourth, a moderated mediated model was tested for each moderator. Online survey data was collected from 153 adults in the United States. Results demonstrated that coping with the COVID-19 pandemic partially mediated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Worry, but not rumination or mindfulness, moderated the impact. A moderated mediation model failed to demonstrate significance, indicating that the data are best represented by distinct mediation and moderation models. Thus, interventions aimed at improving sleep quality should prioritize concurrent reduction in worry and increase in resilience-based coping strategies. This study provides practical and theoretical contribution to the literature by demonstrating relationships between key variables and contextualizing how the model can be used for assessments and interventions during widespread crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T01:08:09Z","timestamp":1640135289000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychological Wellbeing, Worry, and Resilience-Based Coping during COVID-19 in Relation to Sleep Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Olivia H.","family":"Tousignant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-9419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Fireman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, MA 02108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, October 27). Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes-Faith S. Luyster, Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob. Available online: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0145721711400663."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05300.x","article-title":"Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Female Shift-Working Nurses","volume":"66","author":"Shao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npbr.2012.10.002","article-title":"Sleep Quality and Quality of Life among the Elderly People","volume":"19","author":"Tel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Psychiatry Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.102004249.x","article-title":"Sleep and Quality of Life in the Austrian Population","volume":"102","author":"Zeitlhofer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_523_20","article-title":"Changes in Sleep Pattern and Sleep Quality during COVID-19 Lockdown","volume":"62","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2384","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2384","article-title":"Stress, Coping, Resilience, and Sleep during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Representative Survey Study of US Adults","volume":"11","author":"Gargiulo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.029","article-title":"Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Not One Size Fits All","volume":"76","author":"Kocevska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13383","article-title":"Pandemic Fatigue And Clinical Nurses\u2019 Mental Health, Sleep Quality And Job Contentment During The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role Of Resilience","volume":"29","author":"Labrague","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8930","article-title":"Sleep Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Jahrami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12281","article-title":"Sleep and Stress in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Personal Resources","volume":"13","author":"Werner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Health Well-Being"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000702","article-title":"Individual Differences and Changes in Subjective Wellbeing during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"76","author":"Zacher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00348","article-title":"Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Sleep Quality: Rumination as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S285854","article-title":"The Coronavirus Pandemic: A Possible Model of the Direct and Indirect Impact of the Pandemic on Sleep Quality in Italians","volume":"13","author":"Casagrande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Appleton, S.L., Melaku, Y.A., Reynolds, A.C., Gill, T.K., de Batlle, J., and Adams, R.J. (2021). Multidimensional Sleep Health Is Associated with Mental Well-Being in Australian Adults. J. Sleep Res., e13477.","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13477"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2016632118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016632118","article-title":"Lifestyle and Mental Health Disruptions during COVID-19","volume":"118","author":"Giuntella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S320448","article-title":"Practice of New Normal Lifestyles, Economic and Social Disruption, and Level of Happiness Among General Public in China in the Post-COVID-19 Era","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13368","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13368","article-title":"COVID-19 Lockdown and Poor Sleep Quality: Not the Whole Story","volume":"30","author":"Alfonsi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1177\/00027642211050901","article-title":"Emotions During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Health Versus Economy Analysis of Public Responses","volume":"65","author":"Vemprala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22838","article-title":"Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.05.001","article-title":"Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom","volume":"17","author":"Jacob","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1108\/IJOPM-08-2020-0568","article-title":"Supply Chain Sustainability: Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"41","author":"Sarkis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pandemic and Food Security: A View from the Global South","volume":"9","author":"Zurayk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung, J., Chung, J.Y.C., Tisdale, C., Chiu, V., Lim, C.C.W., and Chan, G. (2021). Anxiety and Panic Buying Behaviour during COVID-19 Pandemic\u2014A Qualitative Analysis of Toilet Paper Hoarding Contents on Twitter. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031127"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10603-021-09493-1","article-title":"Learning to Hoard: The Effects of Preexisting and Surprise Price-Gouging Regulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Chakraborti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Consum. Policy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2021.08.175","article-title":"Cold Comfort: Covid-19, Lockdown and the Coping Strategies of Fuel Poor Households","volume":"7","author":"Ambrose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Karpman, M., Zuckerman, S., Gonzalez, D., and Kenney, G.M. (2021, December 18). The COVID-19 Pandemic Is Straining Families\u2019 Abilities to Afford Basic Needs: Low-Income and Hispanic Families the Hardest Hit. Available online: https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/102124\/the-covid-19-pandemic-is-straining-families-abilities-to-afford-basic-needs_5.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v10i3.1321","article-title":"Job Security and the Promotion of Workers\u2019 Wellbeing in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Canadian Workers One to Two Weeks after the Initiation of Social Distancing Measures","volume":"10","author":"Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Wellbeing"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Folayan, M.O., Ibigbami, O., El Tantawi, M., Brown, B., Aly, N.M., Ezechi, O., Abelda\u00f1o, G.F., Ara, E., Ayanore, M.A., and Ellakany, P. (2021). Factors Associated with Financial Security, Food Security and Quality of Daily Lives of Residents in Nigeria during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157925"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, A., and Grigsby-Toussaint, D. (2020). Housing Stability and the Residential Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cities Health, 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1080\/23748834.2020.1785164"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradbury-Jones, C., and Isham, L. (2020). The Pandemic Paradox: The Consequences of COVID-19 on Domestic Violence. J. Clin. Nurs.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15296"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Kreps, S., McMurry, N., and McCain, R.M. (2020). Americans\u2019 Perceptions of Privacy and Surveillance in the COVID-19 Pandemic. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/9wz3y"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12646-021-00612-z","article-title":"The Role of the Sense of Belonging During the Alarm Situation and Return to the New Normality of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain","volume":"66","author":"Saiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Stud."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2015.1007994","article-title":"Getting a Good Night\u2019s Sleep in Adolescence: Do Strategies for Coping with Stress Matter?","volume":"14","author":"Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Faircloth, A.L. (2017). Resilience as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Psychological Well-Being. [Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Southern University]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.11.028","article-title":"Perfectionism, Worry, Rumination, and Distress: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence for the Perfectionism Cognition Theory","volume":"139","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manigault, A.W., and Zoccola, P.M. (2020). Rumination. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119057840.ch106"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-016-9759-z","article-title":"Predictive Importance of Antenatal Depressive Rumination and Worrying for Maternal\u2013Foetal Attachment and Maternal Well-Being","volume":"40","author":"Sabine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2012.674548","article-title":"Mindfulness and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing in Long-Term Meditators and Nonmeditators","volume":"7","author":"Baer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.02.080","article-title":"The Moderation Effect of Mindfulness on the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Wellbeing","volume":"96","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Auer, E.M., Behrend, T.S., Collmus, A.B., Landers, R.N., and Miles, A.F. (2021). Pay for Performance, Satisfaction and Retention in Longitudinal Crowdsourced Research. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245460"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8624","article-title":"Sleep Quality among Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Badahdah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1642","article-title":"The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring","volume":"35","author":"Carney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.09.005","article-title":"Effects of Rumination and Worry on Sleep","volume":"50","author":"Tousignant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"(2021, December 18). Online Survey Software | Qualtrics Survey Solutions. Available online: https:\/\/suffolk.co1.qualtrics.com\/jfe\/preview\/SV_e8S47khxxP4c7LD\/BL_b1pgMkWQmSm4uPj?Q_SurveyVersionID=."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Dupuy, H. (1984). The Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) Index. Assessment of Quality of Life in Clinical Trials of Cardiovascular Therapies, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-88","article-title":"Development and Validation of the Short Version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB-S)","volume":"4","author":"Grossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191103258144","article-title":"The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fung, S. (2020). Validity of the Brief Resilience Scale and Brief Resilient Coping Scale in a Chinese Sample. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041265"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to Depression and Their Effects on the Duration of Depressive Episodes","volume":"100","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking Rumination","volume":"3","author":"Wisco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000263","article-title":"Examining the Factor Structure of the 39-Item and 15-Item Versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Before and After Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for People With Recurrent Depression","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-011-0086-x","article-title":"Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire","volume":"3","author":"Christopher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101785","article-title":"The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Affective Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)","volume":"74","author":"Carpenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","article-title":"Development and Validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Meyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A Flexible Statistical Power Analysis Program for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical Power Analyses Using G*Power 3.1: Tests for Correlation and Regression Analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The Moderator\u2013Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Personal. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"(2021, October 30). Monte Carlo Method for Mediation. Available online: http:\/\/www.quantpsy.org\/medmc\/medmc.htm."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep2030025","article-title":"Increased Resilience Weakens the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Anxiety on Sleep Quality: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Higher Education Students from 7 Countries","volume":"2","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clocks Sleep"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.07.012","article-title":"Sleep Quality in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic","volume":"74","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S312037","article-title":"Burden of Sleep Disturbance During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow, C.M. (2020). Sleep and Wellbeing, Now and in the Future. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082883"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3057","article-title":"Well-Being and Sleep in Stressful Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relations to Worrying and Different Coping Strategies","volume":"37","author":"Saalwirth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10091-7","article-title":"Daily Worry in Trauma-Exposed Afghan Refugees: Relationship with Affect and Sleep in a Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment","volume":"44","author":"Koch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright, L., Steptoe, A., and Fancourt, D. (2021). Are Adversities and Worries during the COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Sleep Quality? Longitudinal Analyses of 46,000 UK Adults. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248919"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, J.S., Jamal-Orozco, N., and Hallion, L.S. (2021). Dissociable Associations of Facets of Mindfulness with Worry, Rumination, and Transdiagnostic Perseverative Thought. Mindfulness, 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-021-01747-w"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.12.009","article-title":"Psychological Correlates of Poor Sleep Quality among U.S. Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"78","author":"Hyun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa230","article-title":"Rumination and Sleep Quality Among Older Adults: Examining the Role of Social Support","volume":"76","author":"Marini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, L.R., Solomon, S., Renati, S.J., and Montgomery, S. (2021). Exploring Mental Health during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in Mumbai: Serendipity for Some Women. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312542"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0517-5","article-title":"Worrying and Rumination Are Both Associated with Reduced Cognitive Control","volume":"78","author":"Deroost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.10.031","article-title":"Mindfulness and Sleep Quality in Adolescents: Analysis of Rumination as a Mediator and Self-Control as a Moderator","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Cloonan, S.A., Taylor, E.C., Persich, M.R., Dailey, N.S., and Killgore, W.D.S. (2021). Sleep and Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic, IntechOpen."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/1\/50\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:50:46Z","timestamp":1760169046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/1\/50"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19010050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19010050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]}}}