{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:52:04Z","timestamp":1788911524865,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Female victims of abuse, as well as suffering from psychopathological disorders such as depression, can have neuropsychological sequelae affecting memory and attention, with serious consequences, both physical and psychological, in their daily lives. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse these sequelae that affect attention and memory, as well as the possible association of these sequelae to depression. A total of 68 women, victims of gender-based violence, between the ages of 15 and 62 participated in this study. The Luria DNA Battery (Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Adults) by Manga and Ramos (2000); and the Beck Depression Inventory (2011) were applied. It is shown that female victims of gender-based violence present poor short-term memory, attentional control, and score low on the Luria-DNA battery. Of these women, 60% suffer from some relevant type of depression. Through HJ-Biplot analysis, a direct relationship was found between memory and attentional control with the total score of the Luria battery. However, an inverse relationship was found between short-term memory and depression. In addition, three well-differentiated clusters of female victims of gender-based violence were identified. It is concluded that a lower rate of depression is observed in female victims of abuse when they have a more intact short-term memory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T23:31:35Z","timestamp":1640820695000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Mental Health in Women Victims of Gender Violence: Descriptive and Multivariate Analysis of Neuropsychological Functions and Depressive Symptomatology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ana Victoria","family":"Torres Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Psychological Evaluation and Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Ciudad Jard\u00edn Campus, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4266-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Vega-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Higher Polytechnic School of Zamora, Viriato Campus, University of Salamanca, 49029 Zamora, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concha","family":"Ant\u00f3n Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, Faculty of Psychology, Ciudad Jard\u00edn Campus, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Psychological Evaluation and Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Ciudad Jard\u00edn Campus, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, September 30). Ley Org\u00e1nica 1\/2004, de 28 de Diciembre, de Medidas de Protecci\u00f3n Integral Contra la Violencia de G\u00e9nero. Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado, 313 sec. I de 29 de Diciembre de 2004, 42166 a 42197. Available online: https:\/\/www.boe.es\/eli\/es\/lo\/2004\/12\/28\/1\/con."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lutzker, J.R. (2008). Etiolog\u00eda y vigilancia de la violencia de pareja. Prevenci\u00f3n de violencia. Prevenci\u00f3n de Violencia. Investigaci\u00f3n y Estrategias de Intervenci\u00f3n Basadas en la Evidencia, Manual Moderno."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.08.002","article-title":"Intimate partner abuse and suicidality. A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Repercusiones psicopatol\u00f3gicas de la violencia dom\u00e9stica en la mujer: Un estudio descriptivo","volume":"2","author":"Amor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Psicopatol. Psicol. Cl\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Hirigoyen, M.F. (2006). Mujeres Maltratadas: Los Mecanismos de la Violencia en Pareja, Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Labrador, F.J., Rinc\u00f3n, P.P., De Luis, P., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Velasco, R. (2004). Mujeres V\u00edctimas de Violencia Dom\u00e9stica, Pir\u00e1mide."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"53","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de las estrategias de abuso psicol\u00f3gico en la violencia de pareja","volume":"99","author":"Almendros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Psicol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"361","article-title":"Neuropsicolog\u00eda forense en un caso de violencia de g\u00e9nero","volume":"24","author":"Sabio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psicol. Conduct."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Portellano P\u00e9rez, J.A. (2007). Neuropsicolog\u00eda Infantil, S\u00edntesis."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"331","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n neuropsicol\u00f3gica","volume":"10","author":"Campos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Health"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, D.M., and Campos, F.R. (2000). Bater\u00eda Luria-DNA: Diagn\u00f3stico neuropsicol\u00f3gico de adultos. Ediciones, Available online: https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/libro?codigo=50642."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orsini, D.L., van Gorp, W.G., and Boone, K.B. (1988). Head Injury. The Neuropsychology Casebook, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-3836-2"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/h0091551","article-title":"Psychological implications of traumatic brain damage for the patient\u2019s family","volume":"31","author":"Lezak","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rehabil. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Bilder, R.M., and Kane, J.M. (1991). Evaluaci\u00f3n de los trastornos mentales org\u00e1nicos. Med. Las Enferm. Ment. Eval. Psicom\u00e9trica Para Los Cl\u00edn., 183\u2013203."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.3.200","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in depression: Possible implications for functional neuropathology","volume":"178","author":"Austin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.10.009","article-title":"Major depressive disorder in recovery and neuropsychological functioning: Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dual inhibitor depression treatments on residual cognitive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder in recovery","volume":"123","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2004.05.003","article-title":"Executive and prefrontal dysfunction in unipolar depression: A review of neuropsychological and imaging evidence","volume":"50","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.009","article-title":"Evidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments in depression","volume":"82","author":"Erickson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00146.x","article-title":"Attention profile in schizophrenia compared with depression: Differential effects of processing speed, selective attention and vigilance","volume":"108","author":"Egeland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703008559","article-title":"Cognitive functions in depressive disorders: Evidence from a population based study","volume":"34","author":"Airaksinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.03.003","article-title":"Executive functions and updating the contents of working memory in unipolar depression","volume":"38","author":"Harvey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/138033990513654","article-title":"A Meta-analytic review of verbal fluency deficits in depresi\u00f3n","volume":"27","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.03.008","article-title":"Set Shifting deficits in melancholic vs. Nonmelancholic depresion: Preliminary findings","volume":"21","author":"Michopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.09.006","article-title":"Attention and executive functions in remitted major depression patients","volume":"89","author":"Pohl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"403","article-title":"Desempe\u00f1o neurocognitivo de la atenci\u00f3n, memoria y funci\u00f3n ejecutiva en una poblaci\u00f3n infanto-juvenil escolarizada con y sin presencia de sintomatolog\u00eda internalizante","volume":"21","author":"Giraldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psicogente"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(99)00036-5","article-title":"Neurocognitive Correlates of Anxiety Disorders in Children: A Preliminary Report","volume":"14","author":"Toren","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.11.004","article-title":"Verbal memory and aspects of attentional control in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders or depressive disorders","volume":"82","author":"Holtkamp","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-008-0101-1","article-title":"Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and aggression in non-clinical children: Relationships with self-report and performance-based measures of attention and effortful control","volume":"39","author":"Muris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2014.888419","article-title":"Relating individual differences in internalizing symptoms to emotional attention set-shifting in children","volume":"27","author":"Mocan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.10.003","article-title":"Anxious-depression in boys: An evaluation of executive functioning","volume":"20","author":"Emerson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.041","article-title":"Neuropsychological performance in a sample of 13\u201325 year olds with a history of non-psychotic major depressive disorder","volume":"141","author":"Baune","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/20445911.2011.560111","article-title":"Anxiety and selective attention to angry faces: An antisaccade study","volume":"24","author":"Mogg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2013.811141","article-title":"The cognitive impact of sexual abuse and PTSD in children: A neuropsychological study","volume":"22","author":"Barrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Child Sex. Abus."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Torres Garc\u00eda, A.V. (2021, September 30). Evaluaci\u00f3n Neuropsicol\u00f3gica en Mujeres V\u00edctimas de Violencia de G\u00e9nero [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Salamanca]. Available online: https:\/\/gredos.usal.es\/handle\/10366\/127895."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.04.028","article-title":"Exaggerated and disconnected insular-amygdalar blood oxygenation level-dependent response to threat-related emotional faces in women with intimate-partner violence posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"68","author":"Fonzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.027","article-title":"Functional activation and neural networks in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to intimate partner violence","volume":"64","author":"Simmons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.4.797","article-title":"Brain injury in battered women","volume":"71","author":"Valera","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.36104\/amc.2019.1221","article-title":"Progresi\u00f3n del deterioro cognitivo y su relaci\u00f3n con factores de riesgo modificables en una cohorte de adultos de bogot\u00e1","volume":"44","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta M\u00e9d. Colomb."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2015.07.008","article-title":"Miedo, conformidad y silencio: La violencia en las relaciones de pareja en \u00e1reas rurales de Ecuador","volume":"25","author":"Boira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosoc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8","article-title":"Health consequences of intimate partner violence","volume":"359","author":"Campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60522-X","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and women\u2019s physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence: An observational study","volume":"371","author":"Ellsberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69478-6","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health: A matter of life and death","volume":"368","author":"Glasier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2015.01.012","article-title":"Intimate partner violence: Prevalence, health consequences, and intervention","volume":"99","author":"Sugg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9643-1","article-title":"Brain injury in women experiencing intimate partner-violence: Neural mechanistic evidence of an \u00abinvisible\u00bb trauma","volume":"11","author":"Valera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.2005.20.1.87","article-title":"Association between Physical Partner Violence, Posttraumatic Stress, Childhood Trauma, and Suicide Attempts in a Community Sample of Women","volume":"20","author":"Seedat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anyes.2020.01.003","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de las consecuencias cognitivas y afectivas de la violencia de g\u00e9nero en relaci\u00f3n con el tipo de maltrato","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ansiedad Y Estr\u00e9s"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770999049X","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and functioning in PTSD related to intimate partner violence","volume":"15","author":"Twamley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.10.1077","article-title":"Violence against women by male partners: Prevalence, outcomes, and policy implications","volume":"48","author":"Browne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.33.1.39","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: A hidden consequence for battered women","volume":"33","author":"Jackson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01414-2","article-title":"Neuropsychological function in female victims of intimate partner violence with and without posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"52","author":"Stein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Torres Garc\u00eda, A.V., and P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez, M.P. (2021, September 30). La evaluaci\u00f3n Neuropsicol\u00f3gica de las Mujeres V\u00edctimas de Violencia de G\u00e9nero Como Herramienta en los Procesos Judiciales. En Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas en Defensa de la Inclusi\u00f3n, la Diversidad y el G\u00e9nero. Universidad de Salamanca. Available online: https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=6929322."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-016-9838-7","article-title":"Autobiographical memory impairment in female victims of intimate partner violence","volume":"31","author":"Billoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838011404251","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in intimate partner violence: A critical review of outcomes and mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Kwako","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Hidalgo, N., Medialdea, P., Bueso-Izquierdo, N., Gonz\u00e1lez, P., Moral, E., and Perez-Garcia, M. (2012). Secuelas Cognitivas en Mujeres V\u00edctimas de Violencia de G\u00e9nero. Cognitive Effects in Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence, Available online: http:\/\/www.congresoestudioviolencia.com\/2012\/articulo20.php."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.25149\/1756-8358.1201004","article-title":"Mental Health Consequences and Risk Factors of Physical Intimate Partner Violence","volume":"12","author":"Delara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ment. Health Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ortega, I., Echebur\u00faa, E., de Corral, P., and Polo-L\u00f3pez, R. (2015). Pathological gambling: Clinical gender differences. Psychopathology in Women, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05870-2_32"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2006). Neuropsicolog\u00eda Humana, M\u00e9dica Panamericana."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F., and Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression, Guilford Press. Trad. esp. en Bilbao: Descl\u00e9e de Brower, 1983."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"13","article-title":"Una alternativa de representaci\u00f3n simult\u00e1nea: HJ-Biplot","volume":"10","year":"1986","journal-title":"Questii\u00f3 Quad. D\u2019estad\u00edstica Sist. Inform. I Investig. Oper."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"IBM Corp (2019). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp [Computer Software]. Version 26.0."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Nieto-Librero, A.B., Galindo-Villard\u00f3n, P., and Freitas, A. (2021, September 30). Package \u2018biplotbootGUI\u2019: Bootstrap on Classical Biplots and Clustering Disjoint Biplot. 1.2. Available online: http:\/\/bioconductor.statistik.tu-dortmund.de\/cran\/web\/packages\/biplotbootGUI\/biplotbootGUI.pdf."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000094","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and traumatic brain injury","volume":"39","author":"Schminkey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fam. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4579","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury in domestic violence victims: A retrospective study at the Barrow neurological institute","volume":"34","author":"Zieman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0389-0","article-title":"Memory formation in the absence of experience","volume":"22","author":"Vetere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-020-09619-0","article-title":"Major depressive disorder diagnosis based on effective connectivity in EEG signals: A convolutional neural network and long short-term memory approach","volume":"15","author":"Saeedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn. Neurodyn."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Belloch, A., Sand\u00edn, B., and Ramos, F. (1995). Trastorno de estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico. Manual de Psicopatolog\u00eda, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"145","article-title":"Autoestima y adaptaci\u00f3n en v\u00edctimas de maltrato psicol\u00f3gico por parte de la pareja","volume":"32","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicol. Desde Caribe"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Cerezo, A.I. (2000). El Homicidio en la Pareja: Tratamiento Criminol\u00f3gico, Tirant lo Blanch."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838001002001001","article-title":"Why Battered Women Do Not Leave, Part 2: External Inhibiting Factors-Social Support and Internal Inhibiting Factors","volume":"2","author":"Barnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"227","article-title":"Repercusiones psicopatol\u00f3gicas de la violencia dom\u00e9stica en la mujer en funci\u00f3n de las circunstancias del maltrato. Revista Internacional de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y de la Salud","volume":"2","author":"Amor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"645","article-title":"A follow-up study of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression in Australian victims of domestic violence","volume":"16","author":"Mertin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Davins, M., Bartolom\u00e9, D., Salamero, M., and P\u00e9rez-Testor, C. (2021, September 30). Mujeres Maltratadas y Calidad de la Relaci\u00f3n de Pareja. Aloma: Revista de Psicolog\u00eda, Ci\u00e8ncies de l\u2019Educaci\u00f3 i de l\u2019Esport, (27). Recuperado a Partir de. Available online: http:\/\/revistaaloma.net\/index.php\/aloma\/article\/view\/18."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"135","article-title":"Mujeres maltratadas en convivencia prolongada con el agresor: Variables relevantes","volume":"1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acci\u00f3n Psicol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/1\/346\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:55:43Z","timestamp":1760169343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/1\/346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19010346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19010346","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]}}}