{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T04:05:08Z","timestamp":1768277108394,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: As no study has evaluated the risk factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes according to body weight mass (BMI) categories in a large cohort and over a long period in a Japanese population, we aimed to assess them in 46,001 Japanese individuals; (2) Methods: This long-term retrospective cohort study included individuals who participated in a medical health checkup program at Panasonic Corporation from 2008 to 2018. In total, 3,208 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The BMI at 2008 were divided into 3 groups: BMI &lt; 22 kg\/m2, 22 \u2264 BMI &lt; 25 kg\/m2, and BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2 to evaluate the risk factors for type 2 diabetes; (3) Results: Cox regression analyses revealed that the significant risk factors were age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, current smoking status, and alcohol consumption in populations with BMI \u2265 25.0 kg\/m2. The risk factors in the population with 22 \u2264 BMI &lt; 25 kg\/m2 were identical to that of BMI \u2265 25.0 kg\/m2 excluding systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and skipping breakfast. However, in the population with BMI &lt; 22.0 kg\/m2, no association was found as to BMI, SBP, LDL cholesterol level, and triglycerides; (4) Conclusions: The risk factors for developing diabetes were quite different between the population with BMI &lt; 22 kg\/m2 and the population with 22 \u2264 BMI &lt; 25 kg\/m2 or BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m2 in a Japanese population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T03:41:32Z","timestamp":1641440492000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Risk Factors for Development of Type 2 Diabetes: Panasonic Cohort Study 4"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8703-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuto","family":"Saijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1707-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8651-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahide","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Habu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazushiro","family":"Kurogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Center, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Center, Panasonic Health Insurance Organization, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiaki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1685","article-title":"Diabetes incidence based on linkages with health plans: The multiethnic cohort","volume":"58","author":"Maskarinec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03378.x","article-title":"Cut-off values of fasting and post-load plasma glucose and HbA1c for predicting Type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling Japanese subjects: The Hisayama Study","volume":"29","author":"Mukai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet. 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