{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:55:28Z","timestamp":1785826528790,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We aimed to investigate if the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) at baseline and the HAD2S score, composed of the sum of single risk factors (hypertension, age \u2265 75 years, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking), were predictive of plaque progression. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on real-life prospectively collected data from patients with any detectable carotid plaque at follow up. The plaque score, calculated at baseline (T0) and at a median follow up of 36.6 months (IQR 39.6\u201334.3) (T3), was defined as 0: no plaque or stenosis &lt; 30%; 1: stenosis in the range 30\u201349%; 2: in the range 50\u201369%; 3: in the range 70\u201399% and 4: occlusion. Carotid IMT was measured at T0 and T3; HAD2S score was calculated at baseline. Results: We included 340 patients with a mean age of 69.9 (9.1) years and 25.3% subjects had plaque progression. Individuals with progression had a median HAD2S score of 3 (1) while those without progression had 2 (1). Patients with progression had a mean baseline IMT of 0.86 (0.17) while those without progression had 0.77 (0.18) (p &lt; 0.0001). A correlation between progression and baseline IMT was found (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Baseline IMT could be considered a predictor of progression. Patients with progression had an HAD2S score higher than those without evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T14:05:07Z","timestamp":1641909907000},"page":"758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Carotid Artery Plaque Progression: Proposal of a New Predictive Score and Role of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Brunelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Altamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelina Maria","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Altavilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Palazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, Route du Vieux-S\u00e9quoia 20, 1847 Rennaz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, ASST Bergamo Est, 24068 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Marcosano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vernieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Neurology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.32177","article-title":"Predictors of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque pro-gression in a chinese population","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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