{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:52:24Z","timestamp":1789757544638,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA143924 (UACC) and U54CA143925 (NAU)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA143924 (UACC) and U54CA143925 (NAU)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial stomach infections and is implicated in a majority of non-cardia gastric cancer. While gastric cancer has decreased in the United States (US), the incidence in the Navajo Nation is nearly four times higher than surrounding Non-Hispanic White populations. Little is known about H. pylori prevalence in this population or other Indigenous communities in the lower 48 states. In this cross-sectional study, 101 adults representing 73 households from three Navajo Nation chapter communities completed surveys and a urea breath test for active H. pylori. Accounting for intrahousehold correlation, H. pylori prevalence was 56.4% (95% CI, 45.4\u201366.8) and 72% of households had at least one infected person. The odds of having an active infection in households using unregulated water were 8.85 (95% CI, 1.50\u201353.38) that of the use of regulated water, and males had 3.26 (95% CI, 1.05\u201310.07) higher odds than female. The prevalence of H. pylori in Navajo is similar to that seen in Alaska Natives. Further investigation into factors associated with prevention of infection is needed as well as understanding barriers to screening and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T04:15:25Z","timestamp":1641960925000},"page":"797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Prevalence and Risk Factors in Three Rural Indigenous Communities of Northern Arizona"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3114-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi E.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle L.","family":"Begay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla R.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, SAS (Bldg 60), 1100 S. Beaver St., POB 15095, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmenlita","family":"Chief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Equity Research, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, 1395 South Knoles Drive, POB 4065, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3466-7466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando P.","family":"Monroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Environment, Forestry and Natural Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7817-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyal","family":"Oren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318030e3c3","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"41","author":"Makola","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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