{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:21:31Z","timestamp":1791170491794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the severity of pain experienced by a newborn during a heel puncture for screening using the Newborn Pain Scale (NIPS), measure the heart rate and compare the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of pain control. Design: Randomized clinical trial. No experimental factors. The test was performed during routine screening. Surroundings: Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn. Patients\/Participants: Pain was assessed in 90 full-term newborns. The newborns were rooming in with their mothers in the hospital. Interventions: Newborns were divided into three groups. Three different methods of pain relief were used: breastfeeding, 20% glucose administered orally and non-nutritional sucking. Main Outcome Measures: The primary pain outcome was measured using the NIPS and the secondary pain outcome measures (heart rate, oxygen saturation) were measured using a pulse oximeter. Results: During capillary blood sampling from the heel, most newborns, n = 56 (62.2%), experienced no pain or mild discomfort, severe pain occurred in n = 23 (25.6%) and moderate pain occurred in n = 11 (12.2%). No significant statistical differences were found between the degree of pain intensity and the intervention used to minimize the pain p = 0.24. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between heart rate variability and the degree of pain intensity (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the newborn\u2019s pain intensity and the mother\u2019s opinion on the effectiveness of breastfeeding in minimizing pain. Conclusions: This study did not answer the question of which pain management method used during the heel prick was statistically more effective in reducing pain. However, the results indicate that each of the non-pharmacological interventions (breastfeeding, oral glucose dosing and non-nutritive sucking) applied during heel puncture resulted in effective pain management in most of the newborns enrolled in the study. The relationship between heart rate variability and the severity of pain was confirmed. Mothers of newborns in the breastfeeding group were satisfied with the pain relief methods used in the child and the opportunity to console their newborn during painful procedures in a technologically invasive environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T10:57:37Z","timestamp":1642071457000},"page":"870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of Methods to Minimize Pain in Newborns during Capillary Blood Sampling for Screening: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4154-2079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Napi\u00f3rkowska-Orkisz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, School of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 14c Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3813-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Gutysz-Wojnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 14c Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Tanajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Intensive Therapy of a Newborn, Provincial Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, \u017bo\u0142nierska 18 Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Sadowska-Krawczenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Department of Health Policy, Health Policy (2021, September 27). Newborn Screening Program in Poland for 2019\u20132022, Available online: https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/zdrowie\/program-badan-przesiewowych-noworodkow-w-polsce-na-lata-2019-2022."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Stoi\u0144ska, B., Wieczorek, E., and Borszewska-Kornacka, M.K. (2021). Standard opieki oko\u0142oporodowej nad zdrowym noworodkiem. 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