{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T01:54:41Z","timestamp":1784944481505,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the levels of mental wellbeing and potential for clinical need in a sample of UK university students aged 18\u201325 during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also tested the dose-response relationship between the severity of lockdown restrictions and mental wellbeing. We carried out a prospective shortitudinal study (one month between baseline and follow up) during the pandemic to do this and included 389 young people. We measured a range of facets of mental wellbeing, including depression, depressogenic cognition (rumination), wellbeing, stress and sleep disturbance. Our primary outcome was \u2018probable depression\u2019 as indexed by a score of \u226510 on the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-8). The prevalence of probable depression was significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels (55%) and did not decrease significantly over time (52%). Higher levels of lockdown severity were prospectively associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Nearly all students had at least one mental wellbeing concern at either time point (97%). The evidence suggests that lockdown has caused a wellbeing crisis in young people. The associated long-term mental, social, educational, personal and societal costs are as yet unknown but should be tracked using further longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:40:20Z","timestamp":1642718420000},"page":"1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mental Health and Wellbeing in Young People in the UK during Lockdown (COVID-19)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Owens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanisha","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Fitzgibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Miller-Lakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, V., Cantor, J., Sood, N., and Whaley, C. 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