{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:31:40Z","timestamp":1769099500080,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu Cluj Napoca for Doctoral Research Projects (pcd 20147) no. 1300\/25\/13.01.2017.","award":["Doctoral Research Projects (pcd 20147) no. 1300\/25\/13.01.2017."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Research Projects (pcd 20147) no. 1300\/25\/13.01.2017."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There are a multitude of factors that influence smoking status, and minors from the social protection system are a vulnerable category in terms of smoking. Methods: The objective of this research was to assess the degree of smoking dependence and to identify potential predictors of smoking status in foster care teenagers. Smoker status was confirmed by dosing CO in the exhaled air, and the degree of dependence was assessed using the Fagerstr\u00f6m score. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: From the 275 foster care minors, 22.5% were current smokers. Exhaled CO was not influenced by general demographic factors, was associated with the frequency of smoking, and was positively correlated with the estimated number of cigarettes consumed daily and with the Fagerstr\u00f6m score. The calculated probability of being a smoker was less than 20.4% in 75% of nonsmokers, whereas 75% of actual smokers had a predicted probability higher than 30.3%. Conclusions: In addition to age, gender, social environment, previous exposure to secondhand smoking, and residential type of foster care system, the expressed opinions regarding the health effects of tobacco use were associated with smoking in foster care teenagers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multivariate Analysis of the Predicted Probability of Smoking Behavior of Foster Care Minors: Results of a Study from Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina Eugenia","family":"Budin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Hospital Mure\u0219, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anca Diana","family":"Maierean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7166-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Roxana","family":"Bordea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iuliu Gabriel","family":"Cocuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liviu Sorin","family":"Enache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Clinical Hospital T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Dimitrie Cantemir University, 540545 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena Luminita","family":"Enache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dimitrie Cantemir University, 540545 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damiana Maria","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5057-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Chis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1306-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina Adina","family":"Todea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d Cluj Napoca, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2018, March 22). 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