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Because dyslexia is strongly hereditary, it is possible to examine infants for early predictors of the condition before detectable symptoms emerge. This study examines low-level auditory temporal sampling in infants at risk for dyslexia across the sensitive period of native phoneme learning. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we found deficient auditory sampling at theta in at-risk infants at both 6 and 12 months, indicating atypical auditory sampling at the syllabic rate in those infants across the sensitive period for native-language phoneme learning. This interpretation is supported by our additional finding that auditory sampling at theta predicted later vocabulary comprehension, nonlinguistic communication and the ability to combine words. Our results indicate a possible early marker of risk for dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Reduced Theta Sampling in Infants at Risk for Dyslexia across the Sensitive Period of Native Phoneme Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6566-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Mittag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4782-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samu","family":"Taulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia K.","family":"Kuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7988, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/35094565","article-title":"Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top-down processing","volume":"2","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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