{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:55:05Z","timestamp":1783702505363,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sustainable Open Innovation Initiative","award":["SII-MJ-20200604-d-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SII-MJ-20200604-d-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the physiological and psychological therapeutic effects of a digital Shinrin-yoku environment constructed indoors in an urban facility as well as the characteristics of the environment that contribute to restorativeness (restorative traits). We measured the fluctuations in the physical and mental states of 25 subjects by obtaining both before\u2013after measurements and continuous measurements while exposed to a digital Shinrin-yoku environment that reproduced visual, auditory, and olfactory elements. The results demonstrated that the parasympathetic nerve activity was significantly increased and that the heart rate was significantly decreased during the exposure compared with that during the resting state. As for mood, five of the six Profile of Mood States (POMS) scales (\u201cTension\u2013Anxiety,\u201d \u201cDepression,\u201d \u201cAnger\u2013Hostility,\u201d \u201cFatigue,\u201d and \u201cConfusion\u201d) were significantly decreased after the experience. In addition, psychological restorative effects were also confirmed, with a significant decrease in \u201cnegative affect\u201d (measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)) and a significant increase in the sense of restorativeness (Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS)) after the experience. In contrast, comparing the digital Shinrin-yoku environment with the actual forest environment and the urban environment using POMS, PANAS, ROS, and Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS), the psychological effects and environmental traits of the digital Shinrin-yoku were found to be considerably similar to those of the actual forest environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T08:37:18Z","timestamp":1642754238000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Exploring the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Digital Shinrin-Yoku and Its Characteristics as a Restorative Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0136-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norimasa","family":"Takayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Management, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wood Engineering, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7107-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuko","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 5 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestdigital Inc., 1-51 Tokomuro, Urahoro, Tokachi 089-5633, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestdigital Inc., 1-51 Tokomuro, Urahoro, Tokachi 089-5633, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 2-915 Asakuranishi, Kochi 780-8077, Kochi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Tsujiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestdigital Inc., 1-51 Tokomuro, Urahoro, Tokachi 089-5633, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Osaki, M., Braimoh, A., and Nakagami, K. 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