{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1791932367894,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Analog space missions were created to study the human factor in extraordinary conditions that would occur in future space habitats. Isolation has been shown to cause stress and disrupt individuals\u2019 daily routine, which can also affect their oral hygiene and lead to an increased risk of dental caries and gingivitis. The astronauts\u2019 specific freeze-dried diet is associated with \u201clazy\u201d chewing, potential dehydration and vitamin A deficiency, which may adversely affect their saliva. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the freeze-dried diet on selected oral hygiene indicators in analog astronauts (AA) enduring strict isolation conditions during six consecutive analog space missions at the LunAres Research Station. During the experiment the oral hygiene and gingival inflammation status measurements were conducted on the group of AAs at the beginning and at the end of each mission. Measurements included four oral hygiene indicators: API, sOHI, PI by Silness and Loe and GBI by Ainamo and Bay. Each AA\u2019s individual scores were noted and analyzed. Statistically significant reduction in the amount of plaque and intensity of gingival bleeding was observed over the course of the study, which could indicate positive results of applied oral hygiene procedures despite unfavorable dietary and stressful isolation conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1643194973000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of Freeze-Dried Diet on Oral Hygiene Indicators in Strict Isolation Condition of an Analog Space Mission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2384-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara Janina","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral Study at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Kijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9513-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Jezierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9105-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Anna","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Kosko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Individual Dental Practice Kamil Kosko, 62-510 Konin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Matuszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Student Group STO-MATER-FIZ at the Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna Barbara","family":"Bielawska-Victorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3834-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Podraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-073 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Orzechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LunAres Research Station, 64-930 Pi\u0142a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danuta","family":"Lietz-Kijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Propaedeutics, Physical Diagnostics and Dental Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2035","article-title":"Team Processes and Outcomes during the AMADEE-18 Mars Analog Mission","volume":"20","author":"McMenamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2038","article-title":"Laboratory Analysis of Returned Samples from the AMADEE-18 Mars Analog Mission","volume":"20","author":"Lalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"187","article-title":"I biofilm del cavo orale. 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