{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:10:33Z","timestamp":1792062633205,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria-semFYC","award":["Isabel Fernandez 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Isabel Fernandez 2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prescription of strong opioids (SO) for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is steadily increasing. This entails a high risk of adverse effects, a risk that increases with the concomitant prescription of SO with central nervous system depressant drugs and with the use of SO for non-recommended indications. In order to examine this concomitant risk prescription, we designed a descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective population-based study. Patients aged \u226515 years with a continued SO prescription for \u22653 months during 2013\u20132017 for CNCP were included. Of these, patients who had received concomitant prescriptions of SO and risk drugs (gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines and antidepressants) and those who had received immediate-release fentanyl (IRF) were selected. The study included 22,691 patients; 20,354 (89.7%) patients received concomitant risk prescriptions. Men and subjects with a higher socioeconomic status received fewer concomitant risk prescriptions. Benzodiazepines or Z-drugs were prescribed concomitantly with SO in 15,883 (70%) patients, antidepressants in 14,932 (65%) and gabapentinoids in 11,267 (49%), while 483 (21.32%) patients received IRF (2266 prescriptions in total) without a baseline SO. In conclusion, our study shows that a high percentage of patients prescribed SO for CNCP received concomitant prescriptions with known risks, as well as IRF for unauthorized indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T09:59:21Z","timestamp":1643709561000},"page":"1652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Risk Prescriptions of Strong Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain by Primary Care Physicians in Catalonia: Opicat Padris Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-9647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aina","family":"Perell\u00f3-Bratescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Larrard Primary Health Center, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08024 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"D\u00fcrsteler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Medicine Section, Anaesthesiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Surgery Department, Medicine Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Asunci\u00f3n","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Service, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, 08023 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gran\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belchin","family":"Kostov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Centre Les Corts, Consorci d\u2019Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Barcelona Esquerra (CAPSBE), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Sis\u00f3-Almirall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Centre Les Corts, Consorci d\u2019Atenci\u00f3 Prim\u00e0ria de Salut Barcelona Esquerra (CAPSBE), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, Medicine Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000440","article-title":"Complexity, Comorbidity, and Health Care Costs Associated with Chronic Widespread Pain in Primary Care","volume":"157","author":"Kostov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez, J.S., Varillas, A.T., Garrido, R.C., Garc\u00eda, C.R.G., Garc\u00eda, S.G., S\u00e1nchez, M.G., Vallejo, F.J.G., Hern\u00e1n, J.C.H., Negr\u00edn, F.V., and Pol, E.N. 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