{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:39:51Z","timestamp":1774525191385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42 ES027704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42 ES027704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 ES029067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 ES029067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 ES022538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 ES022538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ES026568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES026568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBIR IIP-1215518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBIR IIP-1215518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural and anthropogenic disasters are associated with air quality concerns due to the potential redistribution of pollutants in the environment. Our objective was to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of air concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzne, and xylene (BTEX) and criteria air pollutants in North Carolina during and after Hurricane Florence. Three sampling campaigns were carried out immediately after the storm (September 2018) and at four-month intervals. BTEX were measured along major roads. Concurrent criteria air pollutant concentrations were predicted from modeling. Correlation between air pollutants and possible point sources was conducted using spatial regression. Exceedances of ambient air criteria were observed for benzene (in all sampling periods) and PM2.5 (mostly immediately after Florence). For both, there was an association between higher concentrations and fueling stations, particularly immediately after Florence. For other pollutants, concentrations were generally below levels of regulatory concern. Through characterization of air quality under both disaster and \u201cnormal\u201d conditions, this study demonstrates spatial and temporal variation in air pollutants. We found that only benzene and PM2.5 were present at levels of potential concern, and there were localized increases immediately after the hurricane. These substances warrant particular attention in future disaster response research (DR2) investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T11:35:17Z","timestamp":1643974517000},"page":"1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Impacts of Hurricane Florence on Criteria Air Pollutants and Air Toxics in Eastern North Carolina"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaston","family":"Casillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor A.","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77844, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galen","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77844, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Research Center, Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, CA 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entanglement Technologies, San Bruno, CA 94066, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breezometer, Haifa 3303124, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Rusyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7575-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihsueh A.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2016-0010","article-title":"Environmental exposures due to natural disasters","volume":"31","author":"Knap","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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