{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T20:45:04Z","timestamp":1777581904902,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The current longitudinal study sought to identify predictors of professional help seeking for mental health problems amongst Afghan and Iraqi refugees five years post-settlement utilising the Building a New Life in Australia dataset (BNLA). Data were collected via face-to-face or phone interviews across five waves from October 2013 to March 2018. Afghan and Iraqi born refugees numbering 1180 and over 18 years of age with a permanent humanitarian visa were included in this study. The results suggest differences in help-seeking behaviors amongst the two ethnic groups. Amongst the Afghan sample, older adults with high psychological distress were more likely to seek help, while living in regional Australia, not requiring interpreters, and knowing how to find out information about government services were related to lower likelihood of help-seeking. Within the Iraqi sample, poor overall health and knowing how to find out about services were related to a greater likelihood of help-seeking, while fewer financial hardships decreased the likelihood of help-seeking. Amongst those with probable PTSD, disability was associated with an increased likelihood of help-seeking while experiencing fewer financial hardships and living in regional Australia resulted in a lower likelihood of help-seeking in this group. These results have implications for promotional material and mental health interventions, suggesting that more integrated services tailored to specific characteristics of ethnic groups are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:37:48Z","timestamp":1644363468000},"page":"1896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Professional Mental Health Help-Seeking Amongst Afghan and Iraqi Refugees in Australia: Understanding Predictors Five Years Post Resettlement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ana-Marija","family":"Tomasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1556-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shameran","family":"Slewa-Younan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health, Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3053, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Narchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Rioseco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne 3006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2021, September 02). 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