{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:12:01Z","timestamp":1791850321224,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United Nations Children's Fund Mexico","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Return to work is one of the most significant barriers to breastfeeding (BF). Family-friendly policies are critical to ensure that BF and maternal work are not mutually exclusive. This study aims to determine contextual factors and underlying mechanisms influencing the implementation of workplace policies in Mexico. Following a qualitative approach, the study was conducted in the following four cities in Mexico: M\u00e9rida, Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Monterrey. Interviews were conducted in 14 workplaces, and included 49 (potential) beneficiaries, 41 male employees, and 21 managers and human resources personnel. The information collected was analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis and mapped against the Context-Mechanism-Outcome framework of Breastfeeding Interventions at the Workplace. Contextual factors influencing a BF-friendly environment in the workplace were as follows: work-schedule flexibility, provision of lactation services (i.e., BF counseling) other than a lactation room, women\u2019s previous experience with BF and family-friendly environments in the workplace. The underlying mechanisms enabling\/impeding a BF-friendly environment at the workplace were as follows: awareness of Mexican maternity protection legislation, usage of BF interventions in the workplace, culture, supervisor\/co-worker support and BF-friendly physical space. To achieve a BF-friendly environment in the workplace, actions at the level of public policy and workplaces must accompany adherence to Mexican legislation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:25:45Z","timestamp":1645129545000},"page":"2315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Implementation of Breastfeeding Policies at Workplace in Mexico: Analysis of Context Using a Realist Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Cordero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongaci\u00f3n Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City 01219, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9047-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireya","family":"Vilar-Compte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Litwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 47 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-9731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania","family":"Lara-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongaci\u00f3n Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City 01219, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7333-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Rovelo-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongaci\u00f3n Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City 01219, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Ancira-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongaci\u00f3n Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City 01219, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Sachse-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Cobo-Armijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Mexico City 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz050","article-title":"The cost of not breastfeeding: Global results from a new tool","volume":"34","author":"Walters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334418758660","article-title":"Social Justice at the Core of Breastfeeding Protection, Promotion and Support: A Conceptualization","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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World Health Organ."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/4\/2315\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:21:43Z","timestamp":1760134903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/4\/2315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19042315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19042315","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}}}