{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:52:29Z","timestamp":1760151149579,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011892","name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CFRPG8H0331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFRPG8H0331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH110-0T01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH110-0T01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center Grant","award":["KMU-TC109A01-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-TC109A01-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the risks of herpes zoster (HZ) infection among heterogeneous HbA1C trajectories of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, this cohort study used data from the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD), from the 10-year period of 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2017. We applied group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to identify the patterns of HbA1C trajectories, and multiple Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for the risk of HZ infection with adjustment of age, sex, and comorbidities. This study enrolled 121,999 subjects to perform the analysis. The GBTM identified four HbA1C trajectories: \u2018good control\u2019 (58.4%), \u2018high decreasing\u2019 (8.9%), \u2018moderate control\u2019 (25.1%), and \u2018poor control\u2019 (7.6%) with the mean HbA1C of 6.7% (50 mmol\/mol), 7.9% (63 mmol\/mol), 8.4% (68 mmol\/mol), and 10.7% (93 mmol\/mol) respectively. The risk of HZ was significantly higher in the poor control with an HR = 1.44 (95% CI 1.26\u20131.64) after adjustment for confounders and comorbidities. The risk of HZ infection for the high decreasing group (initially poor then rapidly reaching optimal control) was nonsignificant compared to the good control group. In conclusion, the patients with poor glycemic control (mean HbA1C = 10.7%) had the highest risk of HZ infection. The patients with initial hyperglycemia then reaching optimal control could have a lower risk of HZ infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T21:11:07Z","timestamp":1645737067000},"page":"2646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Pattern of Hemoglobin A1C Trajectories and Risk of Herpes Zoster Infection: A Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bo-Lin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Pei","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun-Siang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin-Jie","family":"Bin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuei-Hau","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-8720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Yi","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1302674","article-title":"Clinical practice: Herpes zoster","volume":"369","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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