{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:41:50Z","timestamp":1767890510031,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rising popularity of medical marijuana and its potential therapeutic uses has resulted in passionate discussions that have mainly focused on its possible benefits and applications. Although the concept itself seems promising, the multitude of presented information has noticeable ramifications\u2014terminological chaos being one. This work aimed to synthesize and critically analyze scientific evidence on the therapeutic uses of cannabinoids in the field of psychiatry. Emphasis was placed on the anxiolytic effects of cannabis constituents and their effects on post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum, and other psychotic disorders. The review was carried out from an addictological perspective. A database search of interchangeably combined keywords resulted in the identification of subject-related records. The data were then analyzed in terms of relevance, contents, methodologies, and cited papers. The results were clear in supporting one common conclusion: while most findings provide support for beneficial applications of medical marijuana in psychiatry, no certain conclusions can be drawn until larger-scaled, more methodologically rigorous, and (preferably) controlled randomized trials verify these discoveries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1645994837000},"page":"2769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Construct of Medical and Non-Medical Marijuana\u2014Critical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7048-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Silczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Smu\u0142ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Ko\u0142odziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masovian Specialized Health Center, 05-802 Pruscow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gujska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 03-815 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.022","article-title":"Trends in and correlates of medical marijuana use among adults in the United States","volume":"186","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.06.018","article-title":"Cannabis-associated psychosis: Neural substrate and clinical impact","volume":"124","author":"Murray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30075-5","article-title":"Can we make cannabis safer?","volume":"4","author":"Englund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.1","article-title":"Cannabis and psychosis: What do we know and what should we do?","volume":"212","author":"Colizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. 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