{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T03:13:06Z","timestamp":1767841986696,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016077","name":"EU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEALS: 603946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALS: 603946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Ministry for Research and Education","award":["SYSNINFLAME: 01ZX1306E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYSNINFLAME: 01ZX1306E"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EUROPEAN UNION","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant for LIFE Child"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant for LIFE Child"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant for LIFE Child"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant for LIFE Child"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant for LIFE Child"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant for LIFE Child"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to compare worries related to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in families with young children in two regions in Germany differently affected by the pandemic (Regensburg in Southeast Germany, Leipzig in Eastern Germany) during the first and the second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. 720 parents participating in the KUNO Kids health study in Regensburg (n = 507) or the LIFE Child study in Leipzig (n = 213) answered questions regarding COVID-19-related worries and trust in anti-pandemic policy measures during the first wave (spring 2020) and during the second wave (winter 2020\/2021) of the pandemic. Ordinal mixed-effects models were performed to assess differences depending on region and time, adjusting for education and migration background. Participants worried most about the general economic situation and their family and least about their own health or financial situation. Worries about oneself, family, friends, hometown, and country were stronger during the second than during the first wave. In regional comparisons, worries about family, friends, and hometown increased more pronouncedly from wave 1 to wave 2 in Leipzig (OR ranging from 2.67 (95% CI 1.71\u20134.19) to 3.01 (95% CI 1.93\u20134.71), all p &lt; 0.001) than in Regensburg (OR ranging from to 1.38 (95% CI 1.08\u20131.78) to 1.72 (95% CI 1.33\u20132.21), all p &lt; 0.05), running parallel with the increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Trust in anti-pandemic policy measures, in contrast, decreased significantly between wave 1 and wave 2, with a stronger decrease in Regensburg (OR = 0.30 (95% CI 0.22\u20130.39), p &lt; 0.001) than in Leipzig (OR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.59\u20131.41), n.s.). The degree of families\u2019 COVID-19-related worries differs by region and time, which might be related to differences in infection rates and public interest. Regional differences should be taken into account when developing communication strategies and policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:09:57Z","timestamp":1646078997000},"page":"2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Families\u2019 Worries during the First and Second COVID-19 Wave in Germany: Longitudinal Study in Two Population-Based Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Brandstetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Poulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandy","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Meigen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4194-0758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Melter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"K\u00f6ninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Medical Center Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Kiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kabesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital Regensburg, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"},{"name":"Member of the Research and Development Campus Regensburg (WECARE) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, Steinmetzstr. 1-3, 93049 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIFE Child, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, and Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"KUNO Kids Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulain, T., Meigen, C., Sobek, C., Ober, P., Igel, U., K\u00f6rner, A., Kiess, W., and Vogel, M. 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