{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:13:02Z","timestamp":1770462782923,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science in the ,,Regional Initiative of Excellence&quot; program for the years 2019-2022","award":["project number 0l6 \/ ND \/ 20l8 \/ l9, the amount of funding PLN 9 354 023.74"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project number 0l6 \/ ND \/ 20l8 \/ l9, the amount of funding PLN 9 354 023.74"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cadmium exposure and the likelihood of developing or exacerbating symptoms of inflammatory arthritis (IA). The study included 51 IA patients and 46 control subjects. Demographic and lifestyle data were collected. Haematological and biochemical parameters and blood cadmium levels (Cd-B) were determined. Cd-B correlated positively with age, smoking, living in a high-traffic area, and serum levels of inflammatory markers and negatively with mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The binary logistic regression model implied that high Cd-B (\u22650.65 \u03bcg\/L) is linked with an increased risk of IA in the studied population (odds ratio: 4.4). High levels of DNA oxidative damage marker (8-hydroxy-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine) (\u22657.66 ng\/mL) and cyclooxygenase-2 (\u226522.9 ng\/mL) and frequent consumption of offal was also associated with increased risk of IA. High Cd-B was related to increased risk of disease symptoms onset in the group of IA patients, decreased the level of interleukin 10, and positively correlated with the disease activity. Increased Cd-B is associated with intensified inflammatory processes and decreased haemoglobin levels; in IA patients with decreased anti-inflammatory interleukin 10. These changes partly explain why cadmium exposure and a high cadmium body burden may raise the risk of IA and of disease symptoms exacerbation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:38:16Z","timestamp":1646599096000},"page":"3099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cadmium Body Burden and Inflammatory Arthritis: A Pilot Study in Patients from Lower Silesia, Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Iwona","family":"Markiewicz-G\u00f3rka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 7 Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Chowaniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 7 Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Martynowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wojakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Jaremk\u00f3w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 7 Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Wiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystyna","family":"Pawlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 7 Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Por\u0119ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 213 Borowska St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ga\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Department of Population Health, Wroclaw Medical University, 7 Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.12691\/ijcd-3-4-8","article-title":"The world incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing","volume":"3","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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