{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:30:05Z","timestamp":1789237805526,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province","award":["JJ193879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJ193879"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new threat to child health and safety. Some studies suggest that social isolation and economic stress have exacerbated child abuse and neglect, whereas other studies argue that orders to stay at home are likely to promote parent\u2013child relationships during this stressful time. Due to a lack of prospective studies including before\u2013during\u2013after lockdown assessments, the impacts of lockdown measures on child maltreatment are unclear. Methods: This study retrospectively investigated child maltreatment of 2821 Chinese children and adolescents from 12 to 18 (female, 59%) before, during and after lockdown, and identified risk factors. Potential predictors including socio-economic and individual mental health status were collected. Results: During Chinese lockdown, children and adolescents reported that the proportions of decrease (range 18\u201347.5%) in emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse and neglect, sexual abuse, and witnessing domestic violence were greater than that of increase (range 5.1\u20139.1%). Compared with before lockdown (1.6%), the prevalence of sexual abuse significantly increased 8 months (2.9%) after the lifting of lockdown (p = 0.002). Being male, suffering from depression, state anhedonia, and experiencing psychotic symptoms at baseline were associated with increased sexual abuse after lockdown. Conclusions: The impact of lockdown on child maltreatment was beneficial in the short-term but detrimental in the long-term in China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1647210583000},"page":"3350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Short- and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Child Maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mengqing","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8600-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China"},{"name":"Centre for Affective Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838019835973","article-title":"Child Abuse in Natural Disasters and Conflicts: A Systematic Review","volume":"22","author":"Seddighi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Woodall, C. 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