{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:58:58Z","timestamp":1778187538649,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003654","name":"Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020002440003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020002440003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Subsurface VOC monitoring has been mainly based on manual sampling, transport, and analysis, which would require a sufficient amount of samples to ensure data accuracy and reliability, and additional costs to ensure sample quality. Therefore, a continuous on-site monitoring system is desirable for accurate measurement and subsequent risk assessment. In this study, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) were continuously monitored by the system based on a thermal desorber (TD) and gas chromatography (GC) in an oil-contaminated site that consisted of saturated and unsaturated zones. For the saturated zone, fully automated groundwater sampling and purging processes were performed, and the gasified samples were applied to the TD\u2013GC system. For the unsaturated zone, the gaseous sample in the site was directly applied to the TD\u2013GC system. After verifying the accuracy and precision of the monitoring system, the continuous monitoring system was successfully operated for more than a month in the field. The monitoring system used in this study is applicable to other sites for continuous monitoring, thus providing a scientific background for advanced risk assessment and policy development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T03:06:10Z","timestamp":1647313570000},"page":"3400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Continuous VOCs Monitoring in Saturated and Unsaturated Zones Using Thermal Desorber and Gas Chromatography: System Development and Field Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4082-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsung","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Jun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiseok","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-8288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ijung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-5833-6","article-title":"An assessment of subsurface contamination of an urban coastal aquifer due to oil spill","volume":"189","author":"Nambi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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