{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1782951606130,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines the levels of social interaction, depression, and homeboundness, and the effects of social interaction and depression on homeboundness in community-dwelling older adults living alone. Survey data were collected from 6444 older adults aged 65 and over, living alone, who registered for individualized home care services at 42 public health centers in Gyeonggi Province. A total of 5996 participants with complete questionnaire data were included in the analysis. The mean social interaction score was 2.90 out of 6, and the mean depression score was 6.21 out of 15. The mean homeboundness score was 0.42 out of 2. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed with general characteristics, health factors, social interaction, and depression to identify their effects on homeboundness. In general characteristics and health factors, homeboundness is associated with decreasing social interaction (\u03b2 = 0.17, p &lt; 0.001) and increasing depression (\u03b2 = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001) in older adults living alone. Homeboundness was severe among participants aged 80 and over (\u03b2 = 0.04, p = 0.015) and those with several chronic diseases (\u03b2 = 0.04, p &lt; 0.001), falling history (\u03b2 = 0.14, p &lt; 0.001), and lack of exercise (\u03b2 = \u22120.20, p &lt; 0.001). Thus, interventions that target social interaction, depression, and health functions are important for this demographic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1647811582000},"page":"3608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of Social Interaction and Depression on Homeboundness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living Alone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"You-Ri","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9808-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye-Sun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Population Aging in Korea: Implications for Fiscal Sustainability","volume":"34","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seoul J. 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