{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:36:37Z","timestamp":1791333397600,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mouthwashes are a very popular additional oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products, whose compositions are in a state of flux. The aim of our study was to investigate the compositions of mouthwashes and their functions, as well as to discuss their effectiveness in preventing and curing oral diseases and side effects. We searched for mouthwashes available on the market in Poland. We identified 241 individual mouthwash products. The extraction of compositions was performed and functions of the ingredients were assessed. Then, analysis was performed. The evaluation revealed that there are plenty of ingredients, but a typical mouthwash is a water\u2013glycerine mixture and consists of additional sweetener, surfactant, preservative, and some colourant and flavouring agent, as well as usually having two oral health substances, anticaries sodium fluoride and antimicrobial essential oils. The effectiveness or side effects of several substances of mouthwashes were thoroughly discussed. We recommend not multiplying individual mouthwash products and their ingredients beyond medical or pharmaceutical necessity, especially without scientific proof.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1648222281000},"page":"3926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["A Fresh Look at Mouthwashes\u2014What Is Inside and What Is It For?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-0861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Radzki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-208 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Wilhelm-W\u0119glarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-208 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pruska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Bacteriology, Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Experimental Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-211 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-1469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Kusiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-208 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Ordyniec-Kwa\u015bnica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-208 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000242411","article-title":"Can Dental Caries Be Interpreted as Evidence of Farming? 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