{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:45:46Z","timestamp":1762508746536,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The physiological changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of complications in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid hormone and its role in immunity is appears to be of particular importance in this recent pandemic. Nevertheless, there is little research about the role of vitamin D levels regarding COVID-19 in pregnant women to date. This study aimed to establish a relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in pregnant women and COVID-19. A comparative case-control study was performed with a study population of 256 pregnant women (82 pregnant women with infection and 174 women in control group). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in pregnant women with COVID-19 infection than in those without infection. In addition, 89% of COVID-19-positive pregnant women had 25(OH)D deficiency, while in the control group the percentage was 75.30%, finding statistically significant differences (ORa = 2.68; 95% CI 1.19\u20136.06; p = 0.01). Our results find a relationship between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and COVID-19 infection. This finding could be relevant for actual clinical practice. Thus, more research is needed in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1648416471000},"page":"3965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Women with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nazaret","family":"Ferrer-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"D\u00edaz-Goicoechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mayoral-Cesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Solbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Vithas Virgen del Mar Hospital, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5917-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Jos\u00e9","family":"Nievas-Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesif\u00f3n","family":"Parr\u00f3n-Carre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almer\u00eda, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4844-2145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, 04009 Almer\u00eda, Spain"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Vithas Virgen del Mar Hospital, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, February 10). 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