{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T06:50:32Z","timestamp":1769323832352,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of the Ministry of Education of China","award":["18YJCZH249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YJCZH249"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["201904010241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010241"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences","award":["21WZSB032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21WZSB032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Youths with lower limb dysfunction display low levels of sports participation, which limits their growth and self-development, both physically and mentally. Recently, VR technology has proven its profound value in the psychological evaluation and treatment, rehabilitation, and immersive training of people in need. We have proposed, designed, and developed a VR rock-climbing game for youths with lower-limb dysfunction that allows them to engage in enjoyable and purposeful in-game tasks that simultaneously bring about intensive real-world exercise. Methods: Pilot studies were conducted on college students whose lower limbs were fixed to chairs. Heart rate monitoring, a flow questionnaire, interviews, and observation were conducted for each participant to evaluate the impact of the VR rock-climbing game. The collected data were trimmed on the basis of Cronbach\u2019s alpha and corrected item\u2013total correlation (CITC) to guarantee the data\u2019s reliability. Results: The average value of each flow experience dimension was greater than 4 (0.76 &lt; SD &lt; 0.91). According to the flow-based analysis and the whole-process feeling distribution (WPFD), the evaluated study brought about the participants\u2019 happiness and a sense of mastery and achievement. Conclusions: By bringing about a deep and enjoyable immersion in VR, it remarkably promotes the participants\u2019 intention to participate in exercises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19073985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1648416471000},"page":"3985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design to Assist Better Youthhood for Adolescents with Lower-Limb Disability through Virtual Reality Sports"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaochen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanxin","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muge","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuchuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F11X Silicon Photonics Process Development, Intel Corporation, Albuquerque, NM 87124, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ding-Bang","family":"Luh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100972","article-title":"Availability and quality of global disability data: A commentary on the Demographic and Health Surveys","volume":"14","author":"Casebolt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. 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