{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:30:00Z","timestamp":1788474600573,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common postoperative complications. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) can prevent the occurrence of SSIs if administered appropriately. We carried out a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of SSIs and assess whether SAP were administered according to WHO guidelines for Caesarean section (CS) and herniorrhaphy patients in Bo regional government hospital from November 2019 to October 2020. The analysis included 681 patients (599 CSs and 82 herniorrhaphies). Overall, the SSI rate was 6.7% among all patients, and 7.5% and 1.2% among CS patients and herniorrhaphy patients, respectively. SAP was administered preoperatively in 85% of CS and 70% of herniorrhaphy patients. Postoperative antibiotics were prescribed to 85% of CS and 100% of herniorrhaphy patients. Ampicillin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin were the most commonly used antibiotics. The relatively low rate of SSIs observed in this study is probably due to improved infection prevention and control (IPC) measures following the Ebola outbreak and the current COVID-19 pandemic. A good compliance rate with WHO guidelines for preoperative SAP was observed. However, there was a high use of postoperative antibiotics, which is not in line with WHO guidelines. Recommendations were made to ensure the appropriate administration of SAP and reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:44:52Z","timestamp":1648590292000},"page":"4048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Incidence of Surgical Site Infection and Use of Antibiotics among Patients Who Underwent Caesarean Section and Herniorrhaphy at a Regional Referral Hospital, Sierra Leone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2346-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Carshon-Marsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"District Health Management Team, Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS), Bo District, Bo City 00232, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Sylvester","family":"Squire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Disease Surveillance Programme, Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, MOHS, Cockerill, Wilkinson Road, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadijatu Nabbie","family":"Kamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Disease Surveillance Programme, Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, MOHS, Cockerill, Wilkinson Road, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aelita","family":"Sargsyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research and Prevention Centre, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9397-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Delamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Gamal University of Conakry, Conakry BP 1147, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bienvenu Salim","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah National Center for Training and Research in Rural Health, For\u00e9cariah BP 2649, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Manzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 5000 Namur, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie Ann","family":"Guth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Connections, Center Barnstead, Barnstead, NH 03225, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ahmed","family":"Khogali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operational Research Unit Luxembourg, Medecins Sans Frontieres\/Doctors without Borders, 68 Rue Gasperich, L-1617 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sartie","family":"Kenneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, 4th Floor, Youyi Building, Brookfields, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018). 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