{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:42:11Z","timestamp":1760139731349,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81772225","81971969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81772225","81971969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2020-2022) of Shanghai","award":["GWV-10.1-XK13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWV-10.1-XK13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: In endemic areas of Pakistan, local community knowledge and attitudes towards cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are critical elements in the effective control and management of the disease. A cross-sectional epidemiologic design was used to assess the disease concern, preparedness, practices, and preventive behavior of the households and to assist the personnel and health care professionals in strengthening their planning efforts and awareness of CL. (2) Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling process, i.e., Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 on present household-level information about community needs and health status regarding CL in a cost-effective, timely, and representative manner. (3) Results: In the current study, 67% of the respondents were aware of CL and its causative agent and showed a low level of pandemic preparedness. The majority (74%) of the respondents mentioned that they did not avoid sandfly exposure areas. The majority (84%) of respondents had unsatisfactory behavior towards using bed nets, sprays, or repellents. (4) Conclusion: In endemic areas of Pakistan, the inadequate concern and low preparedness of the local community toward CL are critical aspects in efficient control and management of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T05:07:22Z","timestamp":1650604042000},"page":"5068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Household Preparedness and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) Using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) Method in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Numan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8088-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumaila","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehama","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Quetta 87300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0382-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.4310","article-title":"Diagnosis of leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Elmahallawy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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