{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1781608175189,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41971238 and 41571087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41971238 and 41571087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Social Science Fund Annual Project","award":["18BGL187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18BGL187"]}]},{"name":"the major projects of key research bases for the Humanities and Social Sciences by the Ministry of Education","award":["18JJD790006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18JJD790006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As urban spatial patterns are the prerequisite and foundation of urban planning, spatial pattern research will enable its improvement. The formation mechanism and definition of an urban \u201cproduction\u2013living\u2013ecological\u201d space is used here to construct a classification system for POI (points of interests) data, crawl POI data in Python, and DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of application with noise) to perform cluster analysis. This mechanism helps to determine the cluster density and to study the overall and component spatial patterns of the \u201cproduction\u2013living\u2013ecological\u201d space in the central urban area of Wuhan. The research results are as follows. (1) The spatial patterns of \u201cproduction\u2013living\u2013ecological\u201d space have significant spatial hierarchical characteristics. Among them, the spatial polarizations of \u201cliving\u201d and \u201cproduction\u201d are significant, while the \u201cecological\u201d spatial distribution is more balanced. (2) The \u201cliving\u201d space and \u201cproduction\u201d space noise points account for a small proportion of the total and are locally clustered to easily become areas with development potential. The \u201cecological\u201d space noise points account for a large proportion of the total. (3) The traffic accessibility has an important influence on the spatial patterns of \u201cproduction\u2013living\u2013ecological\u201d space. (4) The important spatial nodes of each element are consistent with the overall plan of Wuhan, but the distribution of the nodes for some elements is inconsistent. The research results show that the POI big data can accurately reveal the characteristics of urban spatial patterns, which is scientific and practical and provides a useful reference for the sustainable development of territorial and spatial planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1650749985000},"page":"5153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["DBSCAN Spatial Clustering Analysis of Urban \u201cProduction\u2013Living\u2013Ecological\u201d Space Based on POI Data: A Case Study of Central Urban Wuhan, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Strategic adjustment of land use policy under the economic transformation","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"672","article-title":"The Features and Determinants of Spatial Structure in Chinese Prefecture-level City Regions","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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