{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:31:22Z","timestamp":1778646682813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201600001C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201600001C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010628","name":"Center for Tobacco Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201600001C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100027C, HHSN271201600001C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolving electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) marketplace and recent regulatory actions may influence youth ENDS device preferences. Using data from Waves (W) 4, 4.5, and 5 (2016\u20132019) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, this study estimated the prevalence of open and closed system primary ENDS use by youth (12\u201317 years) current (past 30-day) ENDS users, and compared demographics, tobacco use characteristics, and patterns of ENDS use, including flavors, by device type. Among current ENDS users, closed system use was significantly higher than open system use in W4.5 (68.3% vs. 31.7%) and W5 (60.5% vs. 39.5%). In W5, closed system users were more likely to have a regular ENDS brand, believe their ENDS had nicotine, and use tobacco and mint or menthol flavors in the past 30 days compared to open system users. In W5, users of closed systems were less likely to use fruit, non-alcoholic drink, and candy, desserts, or other sweets flavors in the past 30 days than users of open systems. Youth were more likely to use closed over open system ENDS in 2017\u20132019. Differences were observed between device types, particularly with flavor use, reflecting recent changes in flavored product availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1650939279000},"page":"5236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Device Types and Flavors Used by Youth in the PATH Study, 2016\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3340-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry T.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6146-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella M.","family":"Anic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin A.","family":"Kasza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Health and Health Policy Group, Westat, 1600 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6806e1","article-title":"Vital signs: Tobacco product use among middle and high school students\u2014United States, 2011\u20132018","volume":"68","author":"Gentzke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morb. 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