{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:13:18Z","timestamp":1772179998966,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Evaluaci\u00f3n de Tecnolog\u00edas en Salud e Investigaci\u00f3n\u2013IETSI","award":["56-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["56-IETSI-ESSALUD-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We investigated some of the factors associated with depression, perceived stress, and anxiety in clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers of two hospitals. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used. The sample included clinical (physicians, nurses, and others) and nonclinical (security and cleaning staff) healthcare workers of two tertiary hospitals in Peru. Participants completed an online self-survey. In the qualitative analysis, data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: We analyzed data from 613 participants, of which 8.6%, 9.0%, and 78.2% had moderate-to-severe anxiety, depression, and perceived stress, respectively. Having a previous mental health problem, being concerned about losing one\u2019s job, having at least two COVID-19 symptoms in the preceding two weeks, and being afraid of infecting family members increased the prevalence of experiencing moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety. The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify five recurring factors that caused a negative impact on workers\u2019 lives during the pandemic: emotional distress linked to hospital experiences of suffering and death, modification of routines, fear of COVID-19, exacerbation of mental disorders, and physical problems associated with emotional distress. Conclusions: Clinical and nonclinical healthcare workers in Peru have experienced depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research and interventions are necessary to improve psychological support for hospital workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]],"date-time":"2022-04-28T12:06:01Z","timestamp":1651147561000},"page":"5346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes in Hospital Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jeff","family":"Huarcaya-Victoria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatr\u00eda, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beltran","family":"Villarreal-Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatr\u00eda, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatr\u00eda, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima 15033, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendoline","family":"Rojas-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3907-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoper A.","family":"Alarcon-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurociencia, Efectividad Cl\u00ednica y Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2222-4764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Villarreal-Zegarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n, Instituto Peruano de Orientaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Vilela-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n, Instituto Peruano de Orientaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Lima 15001, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100679","article-title":"Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutics)","volume":"35","author":"Hamid","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, April 01). 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