{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:37:40Z","timestamp":1778891860712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of calcium and vitamin D deficiency in school children aged 6 to 11 years in Lviv (Ukraine). The aim of this study was also to assess the effect of nutritional intervention and supplementation on serum calcium and vitamin D levels in children diagnosed with calcium deficiency. A 3 day diet was analyzed in 172 children. In 56 children with a deficiency of calcium and\/or vitamin D, the level of total calcium, ionized calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood, as well as the calcium content in hair samples, was determined. Thirty children with confirmed calcium and\/or vitamin D deficiency underwent a dietary intervention to increase calcium and vitamin D intake for 3 months. The study group (n = 15) was provided with a nutritional correction by modifying their diet with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. The control group (n = 15) received only a diet modification. Decreased daily calcium intake was observed in 50.68% of boys and 70.71% of girls. A decreased level of daily vitamin D consumption was found in 84.93% of boys and 96.97% of girls. Among 56 children with insufficient daily consumption of calcium and\/or vitamin D, 26.8% had reduced levels of total calcium in the blood, 16.1% had reduced levels of ionized calcium in the blood, and 48.2% had reduced levels of vitamin D. After 3 months of correction, normal calcium level was found in the hair of 10 students (66.7%) from the study group and in three subjects (20.0%) from the control group. Modification of the diet along with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D seems to be a more effective method for increasing the level of calcium among children aged 6 to 11 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T16:49:57Z","timestamp":1651250997000},"page":"5429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Deficiency of Daily Calcium and Vitamin D in Primary School Children in Lviv, Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Andrii","family":"Tytusa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics #1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5786-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jutyna","family":"Wyszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Yatsula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics #1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serhiy","family":"Nyankovskyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics #1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0977-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Dere\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lishenko, V.F. 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