{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:14:41Z","timestamp":1792080881794,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To study the impact of crawling before walking (CBW) on network interactions among body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence and physical fitness, at age 7, and to assess the longitudinal association between CBW and body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity parameters, at age 7. Method: CBW, body composition, cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity were assessed in seventy-seven healthy Caucasian children. Results: Network analyses revealed that the crawling group had a greater number of links among all the studied variables compared with the non-crawling group. In the longitudinal study, using multiple regression analyses, crawling was independently associated with fat mass (%), fat-to-muscle ratio and systolic blood pressure, with models explaining up to 56.3%, 56.7% and 29.9% of their variance, respectively. Conclusions: CBW during child\u2019s development is a possible modulator in the network interactions between body systems and it could influence future metabolic and cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"5561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Crawling before Walking: Network Interactions and Longitudinal Associations in 7-Year-Old Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cazorla-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Garc\u00eda-Retortillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Gacto-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Bronchiectasis Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Serrano-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Rom\u00e1n-Vi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2282-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Font-Llad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5253-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Prats-Puig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Deng, C.F., Xiong, Q.L., Wu, X.Y., Chen, Y.X., Liu, Y., Mu, C.L., Yi, Z.J., and Hou, W.S. 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