{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T17:56:23Z","timestamp":1767117383925,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-TPE-111-08(1\/2)","TCRD-TPE-108-RT-8(3\/3)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-TPE-111-08(1\/2)","TCRD-TPE-108-RT-8(3\/3)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To estimate the cohort effects that remove the efficacy of age and the period in the age-period statistics of a contingency table, the multiphase method is put forward. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the liver. Understanding the predictive effects of age, period, and cohort on HCC mortality trends may help to estimate the future HCC burden, identify etiological factors, and advise public health prevention programs. Estimates of future HCC mortality and the associated health burden were forecast using an age\u2013period\u2013cohort (APC) model of analysis. By running a regression of residuals that were isolated from the median polish stage of cohort classification, the study controlled for HCC mortality confounding variables and interpreted time trends in HCC rates. The literature shows that the weighted mean estimation derived from the confidence interval (CI) is relatively restricted (compared to the equal-weighted evaluation). This study aimed to illustrate the effects of age, period, and cohort on the incidence and mortality rates, along with the weight equivalent to the segment of death number caused by HCC in each cohort. The objective of that work was to evaluate the proposed method for appraising cohort effects within the age-period data of contingency tables. The weighted mean estimate from the regression model was found to be robust and thus warrants consideration in forecasting future HCC mortality trends. The final phase was factored in to calculate the magnitude of cohort effects. In conclusion, owing to the relatively constricted CI and small degree of uncertainty, the weighted mean estimates can be used for projections based on simple linear extrapolation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T08:21:25Z","timestamp":1651652485000},"page":"5573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality Using Weighted Regression Estimation for the Cohort Effect in Taiwan from 1976 to 2015"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-8141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Shiang","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei City 10478, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiann-Hwa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S61146","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: A review","volume":"3","author":"Balogh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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