{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:20:51Z","timestamp":1780489251768,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Science, Pediatric Dentistry Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The purpose of this study is to verify parents\u2019 knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child\u2019s diet and caries formation. Methods: a questionnaire was proposed using Instagram to analyze type of breastfeeding; type of weaning and diet; home oral hygiene maneuvers; bad habits (use of pacifiers, bottles, and sugary substances); knowledge on the usefulness of fluoride; and first dental visit. A total of 200 parents from different regions of Italy with children aged 2 months to 6 years were contacted. Results showed that 66% parents preferred breastfeeding, while the remaining 34% chose artificial breastfeeding. Fifty percent (100 babies) started weaning at six months, 20% (40 babies) at the fifth month, 13.5% (27 babies) at the fourth month, and only 11.5% (23 babies) in a range from the seventh to ninth month of life. Oral hygiene practices were performed only by 25% of parents before eruption of the first tooth. After eruption of the first tooth, there is greater attention to home oral hygiene practices: 59% of parents carry out and teach their children daily home oral hygiene maneuvers. Conclusions: it is possible to raise awareness among parents and caregivers on the importance of food education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T08:31:55Z","timestamp":1652171515000},"page":"5799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Baby Food and Oral Health: Knowledge of the Existing Interaction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2041-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Di Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Boss\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Ierardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2679-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Polimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8545-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iole","family":"Vozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-013-0026-x","article-title":"Oral health and swallowing problems","volume":"1","author":"Furuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Phys. Med. Rehabil. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"s1","article-title":"Influences on the development of children\u2019s eating behaviors: From infancy to adolescence","volume":"68","author":"Birch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. J. Diet Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diani, L., and Forchielli, M.L. (2021). Sugar Intake: Are All Children Made of Sugar?. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11050444"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_470_16","article-title":"Infant and Child Oral Health Risk Status Correlated to Behavioral Habits of Parents or Caregiver: A Investigation in Central Italy","volume":"7","author":"Vozza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S134864","article-title":"Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption","volume":"9","author":"Medic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12644","article-title":"Premature loss of primary anterior teeth and its consequences on the primary dental arch and the speech model: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Nadelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e044","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0044","article-title":"Narratives about a stigma: Attributing meaning to early tooth loss deciduous in caregivers","volume":"35","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. Oral. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z","article-title":"Dental caries in primary teeth and permanent in the world of children, from 1995 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Kazeminia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"5","article-title":"WHO: Healthy diet to prevent chronic diseases and caries","volume":"19","author":"Paglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"227","article-title":"Nutrition in Toddlers","volume":"98","author":"Riley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.01.009","article-title":"Differing structural properties of foods affect the development of mandibular control and muscle coordination in infants and young children","volume":"186","author":"Simione","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"71","article-title":"Risk factors for dental caries in young children: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). Child Growth Assessment Training Course, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241595070."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"WHO|World Health Organization (2021, June 09). Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nutrition\/topics\/exclusive_breastfeeding\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masztalerz-Kozubek, D., Zielinska, M.A., Rust, P., Majchrzak, D., and Hamulka, J. (2020). The Use of Added Salt and Sugar in the Diet of Polish and Austrian Toddlers. Associated Factors and Dietary Patterns, Feeding and Maternal Practices. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17145025"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2014.223.x","article-title":"Packaged Foods for Babies and Children: Sugar and Sodium Questions","volume":"10","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169251","article-title":"Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: A guide for practitioners: Consensus statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"112","author":"Gidding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"89","article-title":"The sweet danger of added sugars","volume":"20","author":"Paglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"343","article-title":"Dental caries and childhood obesity: Analysis of food intakes, lifestyle","volume":"15","author":"Costacurta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1017","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000439","article-title":"Added sugars and cardiovascular disease risk in children: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Vos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.051","article-title":"Sugar consumption and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A birth cohort study","volume":"243","author":"Anselmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"127","article-title":"The effect of added sugars on children\u2019s health outcomes: Obesity, Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Chronic Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Paglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"WHO|World Health Organization (2015, March 04). Guideline: Sugars Intake for Adults and Children. WHO TEAM Nutrition and Food Safety EDITORS World Health Organization Number of Pages 49 Reference Numbers. ISBN: 9789241549028. WHO Reference Number: WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/15.2 (Executive Summary for Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241549028."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dental caries, parents educational level, family income and dental service attendance among children in Italy","volume":"18","author":"Cianetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"133","article-title":"Oral habits-part 1: The dental effects and management of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking","volume":"81","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Child"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"WHO|World Health Organization (2021, June 09). Infant and Young Child Feeding. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/infant-and-young-child-feeding."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12333","article-title":"Infancy feeding frequency and childhood dental caries: A prospective cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Feldens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa012","article-title":"Before childhood feeding practices and dental caries among Australian preschoolers","volume":"111","author":"Devenish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23224","article-title":"Maternal adaptations to food intake across pregnancy: Central and peripheral mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Clarke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nxab273","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab273","article-title":"Disparities in Risks of Inadequate and Excessive Intake of Micronutrients during Pregnancy","volume":"151","author":"Sauder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"e327","article-title":"Oral health knowledge in pre-school children: A survey among parents in central Italy","volume":"11","author":"Calcagnile","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01260.x","article-title":"A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries","volume":"23","author":"Leong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/5799\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:08:38Z","timestamp":1760137718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/5799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19105799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19105799","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]}}}