{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:35:07Z","timestamp":1791866107494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine adenomyosis is a common benign condition defined by the presence of heterotopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. Adenomyosis is often related to infertility and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modern imaging techniques allow the non-invasive diagnosis of adenomyosis and, in this framework, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has assumed a central role due to its high diagnostic accuracy in the detection of adenomyosis. Currently, there is still a lack of international consensus on adenomyosis diagnostic criteria and classification, despite the fact that an agreed reporting system would promote treatment outcomes and research. This review aims to emphasize the important contribution of MRI to the diagnosis of adenomyosis and to highlight how, thanks to the great tissue differentiation provided by MRI, it is possible to identify the main direct (cystic component) and indirect (junctional zone features) signs of adenomyosis and to distinguish its various subtypes according to different MRI-based classifications. We also explored the main MRI criteria to identify the most common pitfalls and differential diagnoses of adenomyosis, whose features should be considered to avoid misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T10:19:46Z","timestamp":1652264386000},"page":"5840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["MRI and Adenomyosis: What Can Radiologists Evaluate?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2331-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Celli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-8435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Dolciami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Ninkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Ercolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5151-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica di Radiologia EOC, Istituto Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5556-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Porpora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9037-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Manganaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0576-z","article-title":"MRI for Adenomyosis: A Pictorial Review","volume":"8","author":"Agostinho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06308-3","article-title":"Diagnosing Adenomyosis with MRI: A Prospective Study Revisiting the Junctional Zone Thickness Cutoff of 12 Mm as a Diagnostic Marker","volume":"29","author":"Tellum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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