{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:33:58Z","timestamp":1792215238206,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AGING Project\u2013Department of Excellence\u2013Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although extreme weather events have played a constant role in human history, heatwaves (HWs) have become more frequent and intense in the past decades, causing concern especially in light of the increasing evidence on climate change. Despite the increasing number of reviews suggesting a relationship between heat and health, these reviews focus primarily on mortality, neglecting other important aspects. This systematic review of reviews gathered the available evidence from research syntheses conducted on HWs and health. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 2232 records were retrieved, and 283 reviews were ultimately included. Information was extracted from the papers and categorized by topics. Quantitative data were extracted from meta-analyses and, when not available, evidence was collected from systematic reviews. Overall, 187 reviews were non-systematic, while 96 were systematic, of which 27 performed a meta-analysis. The majority evaluated mortality, morbidity, or vulnerability, while the other topics were scarcely addressed. The following main knowledge gaps were identified: lack of a universally accepted definition of HW; scarce evidence on the HW-mental health relationship; no meta-analyses assessing the risk perception of HWs; scarcity of studies evaluating the efficacy of adaptation strategies and interventions. Future efforts should meet these priorities to provide high-quality evidence to stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1652392013000},"page":"5887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities on the Health Effects of Heatwaves: A Systematic Review of Reviews"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIMEDIM\u2014Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8599-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIMEDIM\u2014Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7556-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Paganini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIMEDIM\u2014Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Farsoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2528-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ragazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIMEDIM\u2014Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Barone-Adesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRIMEDIM\u2014Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024001","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/11\/2\/024001","article-title":"European summer temperatures since Roman times","volume":"11","author":"Luterbacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. 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