{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:34:06Z","timestamp":1784738046153,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AAL European Commission Budget and Romanian Government Budget","award":["71\/02\/06\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71\/02\/06\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many western societies are confronted with issues in planning and adapting their health policies due to an ageing population living alone. The \u201cNOt Alone at Home\u2014NOAH\u201d project aimed to involve older people in the Agile co-creation of services for a collaborative monitoring and awareness notification for remote caregivers. Our research aim was to create a scalable and modern information system that permitted a non-invasive monitorization of the users for keeping their caregivers up to date. This was done via a cloud IoT (Internet of Things), which collects and processes data from its domotic sensors. The notifications generated by the system, via the three applications we developed (NOAH\/NOAH Care\/Admin Centre), offer caregivers an easy way of detecting changes in the day-to-day behaviour and activities of their patients, giving them time to intervene in case of abnormal activity. Such an approach would lead to a longer and more independent life for the older people. We evaluated our system by conducting a year-long pilot-study, offering caregivers constant information from the end-users while still living independently. For creating our pilot groups, we used the ABAS (Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System) II, which we then matched with the pre-profiled Behavioral Analysis Models of older people familiar with modern communication devices. Our results showed a low association between daily skills and the sensors we used, in contrast with the results from previous studies done in this field. Another result was efficiently capturing the behaviour changes that took place due to the COVID-19 Lockdown measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T21:46:53Z","timestamp":1652392013000},"page":"5890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Using IoT Assistive Technologies for Older People Non-Invasive Monitoring and Living Support in Their Homes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9500-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin-Aurel","family":"Moraru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6601-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Alexandru","family":"Mo\u0219oi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education and Teacher Training, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic Mircea","family":"Kristaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionu\u021b","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, King\u2019s College London, 30 Aldwych, London WC2B 4BG, UK"},{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad \u0218tefan","family":"Petre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia Elisabeta","family":"Ungureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liviu Marian","family":"Perniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6998-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Cocuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Disciplines and Clinical Prevention, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, September 01). AALIANCE\u2013Ambient Assisted Living Strategic Research Agenda. March 2010. Available online: http:\/\/www.aaliance.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/SRA2010.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, C.A., Collier, R., and O\u2019Hare, G.M.P. (2018). A Review and Classification of Assisted Living Systems. Information, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/info9070182"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stavropoulos, T.G., Papastergiou, A., Mpaltadoros, L., Nikolopoulos, S., and Kompatsiaris, I. (2020). IoT Wearable Sensors and Devices in Elderly Care: A Literature Review. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20102826"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"8","article-title":"Privacy and the Internet of Things (IoT) Monitoring Solutions for Older Adults: A Review","volume":"252","author":"Alkhatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"598","article-title":"A critical analysis of an IoT\u2014Aware AAL system for elderly monitoring. Future Gener","volume":"97","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, F., Wu, T., and Yuce, M.R. (2019). An Internet-of-Things (IoT) Network System for Connected Safety and Health Monitoring Applications. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010021"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e563","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000869","article-title":"Correlation of cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers with platelet reactivity in coronary artery disease","volume":"26","author":"Bobescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Ray, P.P. (2014, January 27\u201329). Home Health Hub Internet of Things (H3IoT): An Architectural Framework for Monitoring Health of Elderly People. Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Engineering and Management Research (ICSEMR), Chennai, India. 978-1-4799-7613-3\/14\/, IEEE-32331."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Yacchiremaa, D., de Pugaa, J.S., Palaua, C., and Estevea, M. (2018, January 8\u201311). Fall detection system for elderly people using IoT and Big Data. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies (ANT), Porto, Portugal."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Pham, M., Mengistu, Y., Do, H.M., and Sheng, W. (2016, January 21\u201325). Cloud-Based Smart Home Environment (CoSHE) for home healthcare. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Fort Worth, TX, USA."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-7134-7","article-title":"Remote health monitoring of elderly through wearable sensors","volume":"78","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5051915","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5051915","article-title":"An IoT-Aware Architecture for Collecting and Managing Data Related to Elderly Behavior","volume":"2017","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"28","article-title":"An IoT-enabled smart elderly living environment","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-019-0087-z","article-title":"An E-health system for monitoring elderly health based on Internet of Things and Fog computing","volume":"7","author":"Dghais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Inf. Sci. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maskeli\u016bnas, R., Dama\u0161evi\u010dius, R., and Segal, S. (2019). A Review of Internet of Things Technologies for Ambient Assisted Living Environments. Futur. Internet, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/fi11120259"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01292-x","article-title":"Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00057","article-title":"Physical Activity During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Prevention of a Decline in Metabolic and Immunological Functions","volume":"2","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Sports Act. Living"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4312","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304312","article-title":"Ambient Assisted Living Healthcare Frameworks, Platforms, Standards, and Quality Attributes","volume":"14","author":"Memon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-016-0374-3","article-title":"Exploring the ambient assisted living domain: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Calvaresi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Human. Comput."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"23374","article-title":"Ambient Assisted Living an Overview of Current Applications, End-Usersand Acceptance","volume":"30","author":"Stodczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2020.06.012","article-title":"Time Slot Modeling of Life Habits in the Elderly for Decision-Making Support","volume":"41","author":"Brulin","year":"2020","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/15710880701875068","article-title":"Co-creation and the new landscapes of design","volume":"4","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"CoDesign"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1094670517714060","article-title":"The Value of Codesign: The Effect of Customer Involvement in Service Design Teams","volume":"21","author":"Trischler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Vink, J., Wetter-Edman, K., Edvardsson, E., and Tronvoll, B. (2016, January 24\u201326). Understanding the Influence of the Co-Design Process on Well-Being. Proceedings of the ServDes. 2016 Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2019.1619810","article-title":"Co-design: From expert- to user-driven ideas in public service design","volume":"21","author":"Trischler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irbm.2020.03.001","article-title":"Examining Usage to Ensure Utility: Co-Design of a Tool for Fall Prevention","volume":"41","author":"Ting","year":"2020","journal-title":"IRBM"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"53","article-title":"Benefits of co-design in service design projects","volume":"5","author":"Steen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Des."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2021, July 04). Available online: http:\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/projects\/cameli."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2021, July 04). Available online: https:\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/projects\/rosetta."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2021, July 04). Available online: http:\/\/www.aal-europe.eu\/projects\/cognitive-vitality-training-at-home-cognivitra."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dur\u00e1n-Vega, L.A., Santana-Mancilla, P.C., Buenrostro-Mariscal, R., Contreras-Castillo, J., Anido-Rif\u00f3n, L.E., Garc\u00eda-Ruiz, M.A., Montesinos-L\u00f3pez, O.A., and Estrada-Gonz\u00e1lez, F. (2019). An IoT System for Remote Health Monitoring in Elderly Adults through a Wearable Device and Mobile Application. Geriatrics, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics4020034"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Deshpande, A., and Singh, N.P. (2020). Challenges and Patterns for Modernizing a Monolithic Application into Microservices, IBM."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"183","article-title":"Adoption Advantages of Micro-Service Architecture in Software Industries","volume":"8","author":"Prathap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Harrison, P.L., and Oakland, T. (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment\u2014Second Edition Manual (ABAS-II), Harcourt Assessment."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Harrison, P.L., Oakland, T., Iliescu, D., and Vervelino, D. (2012). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Edition. Romanian Manual, Sinapsis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moraru, S.A., Perniu, L., Ungureanu, D.E., Mo\u015foi, A.A., Kristaly, D.M., Sandu, F., and Manea, A.C. (2018). Home Assisted Living of Elderly People using Wireless Sensors Networks in a Cloud System. International Symposium in Sensing and Instrumentation in IoT Era (ISSI), IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSI.2018.8538186"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krist\u00e1ly, D.M., Moraru, S.A., Petre, V.S., P\u00e2rvan, C.A., Ungureanu, D.E., and Mo\u015foi, A.A. (2018, January 19\u201322). A Solution for Mobile Computing in a Cloud Environment for Ambient Assisted Living. Proceedings of the 26th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED), Zadar, Croatia.","DOI":"10.1109\/MED.2018.8442649"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, SAGE Publications. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00292","article-title":"The Effectiveness of a Wireless Modular Bed Absence Sensor Device for Fall Prevention among Older Inpatients","volume":"4","author":"Subermaniam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01188","article-title":"Using Sensors in Organizational Research\u2014Clarifying Rationales and Validation Challenges for Mixed Methods","volume":"10","author":"Guenther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181930355","article-title":"Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer","volume":"41","author":"Katzmarzyk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/5890\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:09:48Z","timestamp":1760137788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/5890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19105890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19105890","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]}}}