{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:18:48Z","timestamp":1791231528202,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA019039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA019039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RL1 AA017539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RL1 AA017539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2021\/08540-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021\/08540-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["R01 DA019039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA019039"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["RL1 AA017539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RL1 AA017539"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["#2021\/08540-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2021\/08540-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The desire to escape from pressures\/anxiety represents an important motivation for problematic engagement with short-term rewarding behaviors that could contribute to the development of recognized and candidate behavioral addictions, including problematic shopping, a prevalent condition among youth in the U.S.A. characterized by excessive shopping cognitions\/behaviors that lead to distress\/impairment. However, to date, the specific correlates of shopping to relieve anxiety or tension have yet to be evaluated. We aimed at addressing this gap by analyzing data (N = 2556) from a high-school survey from Connecticut in an exploratory fashion. Adolescents who acknowledged experiencing a growing tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping were classified as having negative-reinforcement shopping and compared to the remaining students. Data were analyzed in chi-square and logistic regression models to examine negative-reinforcement shopping in relation to socio-demographics, health correlates, gambling-related perceptions\/attitudes, and problem-gambling severity\/gambling behaviors. Negative-reinforcement shopping was more frequent in female and Hispanic students, was linked to more permissive gambling attitudes and at-risk\/problematic gambling, and was associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs, dysphoria\/depression, and weapon-carrying and physical fighting. Taken together, these findings highlight adverse measures of health and functioning linked to negative-reinforcement shopping that may be particularly relevant to girls and Hispanic youth. Additional efforts to prevent negative outcomes are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19106169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1652963157000},"page":"6169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Exploratory Study of Shopping to Relieve Tension or Anxiety in Adolescents: Health Correlates and Gambling-Related Perceptions and Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Luis C.","family":"Farhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zu Wei","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rani A.","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Northeast Program Evaluation Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Krishnan-Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Northeast Program Evaluation Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA"},{"name":"Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA"},{"name":"Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884","article-title":"Introduction to behavioral addictions","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x","article-title":"Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions?","volume":"101","author":"Potenza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000183","article-title":"Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11","volume":"21","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5544.980","article-title":"\u2018Behavioral\u2019 addictions: Do they exist?","volume":"294","author":"Holden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.3\/mpotenza","article-title":"Clinical neuropsychiatric considerations regarding nonsubstance or behavioral addictions","volume":"19","author":"Potenza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"14","article-title":"A review of compulsive buying disorder","volume":"6","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0099-7","article-title":"Gambling disorder","volume":"5","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418771189","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder should qualify as a mental disorder","volume":"52","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.11","article-title":"Beyond the myths about work addiction: Toward a consensus on definition and trajectories for future studies on problematic overworking","volume":"8","author":"Atroszko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019931","article-title":"A general theory of addictions: A new theoretical model","volume":"2","author":"Jacobs","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(80)90001-5","article-title":"Learning to drink: Adolescents and alcohol","volume":"5","author":"Stumphauzer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0289-z","article-title":"The transition to compulsion in addiction","volume":"21","author":"Robbins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09960-3","article-title":"Excitement-Seeking Gambling in Adolescents: Health Correlates and Gambling-Related Attitudes and Behaviors","volume":"37","author":"Farhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9075-3","article-title":"Excitement-seeking gambling in a nationally representative sample of recreational gamblers","volume":"24","author":"Pantalon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000724","article-title":"Disordered gambling among higher-frequency gamblers: Who is at risk?","volume":"42","author":"Hodgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.05.055","article-title":"Gaming to relieve tension or anxiety and associations with health functioning, substance use and physical violence in high school students","volume":"140","author":"Garakani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.10.1806","article-title":"Estimated prevalence of compulsive buying behavior in the United States","volume":"163","author":"Koran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.06.006","article-title":"Shopping problems among high school students","volume":"52","author":"Grant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(94)90103-1","article-title":"Compulsive buying. Demography, phenomenology, and comorbidity in 46 subjects","volume":"16","author":"Schlosser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"242","article-title":"Compulsive buying: A report of 20 cases","volume":"55","author":"McElroy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00093","article-title":"Problematic shopping and self-injurious behaviors in adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2000.86.3.763","article-title":"Compulsive buying and risky behavior among adolescents","volume":"86","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1998.tb00411.x","article-title":"Compulsive Buying Among College Students: An Investigation of Its Antedecents, Consequences, and Implications for Public Policy","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1086\/209294","article-title":"The Consciousness of Addiction: Toward a General Theory of Compulsive Consumption","volume":"19","author":"Hirschman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327663jcp0503_02","article-title":"Typologies of Compulsive Buying Behavior: A Constrained Clusterwise Regression Approach","volume":"5","author":"DeSarbo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00277","article-title":"A Typology of Buyers Grounded in Psychological Risk Factors for Compulsive Buying (Impulsivity, Self-Esteem, and Buying Motives): Latent Class Analysis Approach ina Community Sample","volume":"11","author":"Mariez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.09.012","article-title":"Perceived stress and online compulsive buying among women: A moderated mediation model","volume":"103","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.04.015","article-title":"Mood states preceding and following compulsive buying episodes: An ecological momentary assessment study","volume":"200","author":"Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9494-x","article-title":"At-Risk\/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence","volume":"31","author":"Yip","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2381","article-title":"Smoking expectancies, weight concerns, and dietary behaviors in adolescence","volume":"126","author":"Cavallo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31818d8916","article-title":"Impulsive sensation seeking, parental history of alcohol problems, and current alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Schepis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02104901","article-title":"Pathological gambling among adolescents: Massachusetts Gambling Screen (MAGS)","volume":"10","author":"Shaffer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.11.006","article-title":"Correlates of at-risk\/problem internet gambling in adolescents","volume":"50","author":"Potenza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00180.x","article-title":"Health\/functioning characteristics, gambling behaviors, and gambling-related motivations in adolescents stratified by gambling problem severity: Findings from a high school survey","volume":"20","author":"Yip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.09.014","article-title":"Impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and part-time job status in relation to substance use and gambling in adolescents","volume":"54","author":"Leeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10004-7","article-title":"Lottery-Purchasing Adolescents: Gambling Perceptions, Problems, and Characteristics","volume":"37","author":"Zhai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.42","article-title":"Weapon-carrying is associated with more permissive gambling attitudes and perceptions and at-risk\/problem gambling in adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Zhai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09931-8","article-title":"Gambling, Substance Use and Violence in Male and Female Adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6708a1","article-title":"Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Kann","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill. Summ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/2136617","article-title":"An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample","volume":"21","author":"Folkman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Lazarus, R.S., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping, Springer Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.5.992","article-title":"Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Folkman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.2.216","article-title":"Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping","volume":"129","author":"Skinner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1993.1028","article-title":"Adolescent stress and coping: Implications for psychopathology during adolescence","volume":"16","author":"Compas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.4.877","article-title":"Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression","volume":"46","author":"Billings","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930600562276","article-title":"Emotional approach and problem-focused coping: A comparison of potentially adaptive strategies","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.10.004","article-title":"Specific coping behaviors in relation to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation","volume":"34","author":"Horwitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicoli de Mattos, C., Kim, H.S., Requi\u00e3o, M.G., Marasaldi, R.F., Filomensky, T.Z., Hodgins, D.C., and Tavares, H. (2016). Gender Differences in Compulsive Buying Disorder: Assessment of Demographic and Psychiatric Co-Morbidities. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167365"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198114557122","article-title":"Food and Beverage Marketing to Latinos: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"42","author":"Adeigbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00045-6","article-title":"Primary dysthymia: A study of several psychosocial, endocrine and immune correlates","volume":"40","author":"Ravindran","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(94)90023-X","article-title":"Hassles, coping styles, and negative well being","volume":"17","author":"Kohn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1998.83.3.783","article-title":"The Relationship of Coping Style to Dysphoria, Anxiety, and Anger","volume":"83","author":"Whatley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.951754","article-title":"Adolescent alcohol-drinking frequency and problem-gambling severity: Adolescent perceptions regarding problem-gambling prevention and parental\/adult behaviors and attitudes","volume":"35","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst. Abus."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9000-6","article-title":"Parental Modeling, Attachment, and Supervision as Moderators of Adolescent Gambling","volume":"22","author":"Magoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.012","article-title":"Perceived parental permissiveness toward gambling and risky behaviors in adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Leeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01257.x","article-title":"Temperament, harsh and indulgent parenting, and Chinese children\u2032s proactive and reactive aggression","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00092-2","article-title":"Perceived parenting styles, depersonalisation, anxiety and coping behaviour in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Wolfradt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.3.487","article-title":"Parenting style as context: An integrative model","volume":"113","author":"Darling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"369","article-title":"Patterns of parenting during adolescence: Perceptions of adolescents and parents","volume":"31","author":"Paulson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.061","article-title":"The relationship of DSM-IV pathological gambling to compulsive buying and other possible spectrum disorders: Results from the Iowa PG family study","volume":"226","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00625","article-title":"Compulsive Buying Behavior: Characteristics of Comorbidity with Gambling Disorder","volume":"7","author":"Granero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"5","article-title":"Compulsive buying: Descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity","volume":"55","author":"Christenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091379","article-title":"Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders","volume":"167","author":"Insel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093304","article-title":"The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Quantitative Nosology Based on Consensus of Evidence","volume":"17","author":"Kotov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.38","article-title":"Reward reactivity and dark flow in slot-machine gambling: \u201cLight\u201d and \u201cdark\u201d routes to enjoyment","volume":"8","author":"Dixon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9695-1","article-title":"Dark Flow, Depression and Multiline Slot Machine Play","volume":"34","author":"Dixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000072790","article-title":"Dissociative symptoms in pathological gambling","volume":"36","author":"Grant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhat, L.C., Foster, D.W., Wampler, J., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Hoff, R.A., and Potenza, M.N. (2021). Casino Gambling in Adolescents: Gambling-Related Attitudes and Behaviors and Health and Functioning Relationships. J. Gambl. Stud., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10083-6"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Est\u00e9vez, A., Jauregui, P., Mome\u00f1e, J., Macia, L., L\u00f3pez-Gonz\u00e1lez, H., Iruarrizaga, I., Riquelme-Ortiz, C., Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., and Vintr\u00f3-Alcaraz, C. (2021). Longitudinal Changes in Gambling, Buying and Materialism in Adolescents: A Population-Based Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062811"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1041","article-title":"Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: A critical period of addiction vulnerability","volume":"160","author":"Chambers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021275130071","article-title":"Neurodevelopment, impulsivity, and adolescent gambling","volume":"19","author":"Chambers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.11.1116","article-title":"Psychiatric correlates of gambling in adolescents and young adults grouped by age at gambling onset","volume":"61","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9015-7","article-title":"Pre\/Early Adolescent Onset of Gambling and Psychosocial Problems in Treatment-Seeking Pathological Gamblers","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dah509","article-title":"Youth gambling problems: A public health perspective","volume":"20","author":"Messerlian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.08.004","article-title":"Gender-related differences in addiction: A review of human studies","volume":"23","author":"Zakiniaeiz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardwell, E., Hoff, R.A., Garakani, A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Potenza, M.N., and Zhai, Z.W. (J. Psychiatr. Res., 2022). An exploratory study of anxiety-motivated gambling in adolescents: Associations with minority status and gambling, health and functioning measures, J. Psychiatr. Res., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.052"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/6169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:14:35Z","timestamp":1760138075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/10\/6169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19106169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19106169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]}}}