{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:09:37Z","timestamp":1778922577055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEN-1508-32252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEN-1508-32252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New York City (NYC) was an epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in broad economic, social, and emotional consequences in the lives of individuals. The current study examined associations between pandemic-related stressors and adverse mental health symptoms among NYC parents\/caregivers. Community-based participatory research was used to develop a survey, and logistic regression models were utilized to assess associations between factors including disruptions in child routines and remote learning, and parent-reported symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some 91.0% of parents reported stress and 41.2, 26.6, and 33.7% reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. Most parents (87.6%) reported cancellation of at least one child activity. Of the parents, 60.3% reported that their children participated in remote learning and the majority (70.3%) reported feeling overwhelmed by it. Having more cancelled child activities was associated with higher odds of reported mental health symptoms, with not being able to play outside associated with higher odds of anxiety (1.80 (1.26, 2.58), p = 0.001), depression (1.93 (1.29, 2.91), p = 0.002), PTSD (1.64 (1.13, 2.39), p = 0.009), and stress (2.34 (1.27, 4.44), p = 0.008). Feeling overwhelmed by remote learning was also associated with higher odds of all four outcomes. Pre-existing mental illness, lower resilience scores, and lower socioeconomic status emerged as additional factors associated with symptoms of mental illness. These findings highlight the importance of resources to minimize adverse psychological effects among vulnerable families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T08:50:22Z","timestamp":1653555022000},"page":"6442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Child Disruptions, Remote Learning, and Parent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8844-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Deeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devin","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timnit","family":"Ghebretinsae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Ozbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4848-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nita","family":"Vangeepuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health (2021, July 10). COVID-19: Data Trends, Available online: https:\/\/www1.nyc.gov\/site\/doh\/covid\/covid-19-data-trends.page."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e5","article-title":"Preliminary Estimate of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Outbreak\u2014New York City, March 11\u2013May 2, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6946a2","article-title":"COVID-19 Outbreak\u2014New York City, February 29\u2013June 1, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Citizen\u2019s Committee for Children of New York (2021, July 10). Child & Family Well-Being in NYC: Ranking Risks and Understanding COVID-19 Impacts Across 59 Community Districts. Available online: https:\/\/cccnewyork.org\/."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Karpman, M., Gonzalez, D., and Kenney, G.M. (2020). Parents Are Struggling to Provide for Their Families during the Pandemic, Urban Institute. Available online: https:\/\/urban.org."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"New York City Department of Education (2021, July 10). 2020\u20132021 School Year Calendar, Available online: https:\/\/www.schools.nyc.gov."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203355","article-title":"Ergonomics factors influencing school educa-tion during the COVID-19 pandemic: A literature review","volume":"68","author":"Soltaninejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1475939X.2021.1866838","article-title":"COVID-19 and the role of technology and pedagogy on school education during a pandemic","volume":"30","author":"Starkey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Pedagog. Educ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxi003","article-title":"The epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder after disasters","volume":"27","author":"Galea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182435","article-title":"Mental health consequences of disasters","volume":"35","author":"Goldmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.207.20173","article-title":"60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981\u20132001","volume":"65","author":"Norris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","article-title":"The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence","volume":"395","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.1562","article-title":"The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention","volume":"180","author":"Galea","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019686","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression Symptoms in US Adults Before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Ettman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa250","article-title":"Post-lockdown depression and anxiety in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Khubchandani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9740","article-title":"Psychological Distress and Loneliness Reported by US Adults in 2018 and April 2020","volume":"324","author":"McGinty","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017","article-title":"Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic","volume":"383","author":"Pfefferbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcaa201","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population","volume":"113","author":"Serafini","year":"2020","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health (2021, July 10). Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in New York City, Available online: https:\/\/www1.nyc.gov\/assets\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/covid\/covid-19-mental-health-impacts-hop.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105585","article-title":"Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"122","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Tilburg, M.A.L., Edlynn, E., Maddaloni, M., Van Kempen, K., De Ferris, D.-G.M., and Thomas, J. (2020). High Levels of Stress Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among Parents of Children with and without Chronic Conditions across the USA. Children, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/children7100193"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e042871","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042871","article-title":"Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: Findings from a national cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Gadermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ-4","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3703-5","article-title":"The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and Evaluation within a Veteran Primary Care Sample","volume":"31","author":"Prins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"National Association of Community Health Centers, Inc (2021, October 20). The PRAPARE Assessment Tool. Available online: https:\/\/www.nachc.org\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Lee, S.J., and Ward, K.P. (2020, May 15). Stress and Parenting during the Coronavirus Pandemic. Available online: www.parentingincontext.org."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28169","DOI":"10.2196\/28169","article-title":"The COVID-19 Citizen Science Study: Protocol for a Longitudinal Digital Health Cohort Study","volume":"10","author":"Beatty","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.01.006","article-title":"An abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the CD-RISC2: Psychometric properties and applications in psychopharmacological trials","volume":"152","author":"Vaishnavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"195","article-title":"Mental Health & Psychosocial Distress Sequelae of Katrina: An Empirical Study of Survivors","volume":"16","author":"Adeola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020016824","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-016824","article-title":"Well-being of Parents and Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey","volume":"146","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020007294","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-007294","article-title":"COVID-19 and Parent-Child Psychological Well-being","volume":"146","author":"Ananat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa092","article-title":"Child and Family Outcomes Following Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Recommendations on COVID-19 Policies","volume":"45","author":"Fong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.09.002","article-title":"Remote Learning during COVID-19: Examining School Practices, Service Continuation, and Difficulties for Adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"67","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104345","article-title":"Inequality in household adaptation to schooling shocks: Covid-induced online learning engagement in real time","volume":"193","author":"Goodman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Public Econ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01706-1","article-title":"Parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: Differences between seven European countries and between children with and without mental health conditions","volume":"31","author":"Thorell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Vogels, E.A. (2022, January 05). 59% of U.S. Parents with Lower Incomes Say Their Child May Face Digital Obstacles in Schoolwork. Available online: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2020.08.008","article-title":"The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child growth and development: A systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Veloso","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Kala, M.P., and Jafar, T.H. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244630"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee, A., Banerjee, S., Stein, C., Kim, M.H., DeFerio, J., and Pathak, J. (2018). Risk Factors for Depression Among Civilians After the 9\/11 World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Curr., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.dis.6a00b40c8ace0a6a0017361d7577c50a"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20355","article-title":"Financial and social circumstances and the incidence and course of PTSD in Mississippi during the first two years after Hurricane Katrina","volume":"21","author":"Galea","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000141663.22902.0a","article-title":"Job loss, unemployment, work stress, job satisfaction, and the persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after the September 11 attacks","volume":"46","author":"Nandi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182a430a0","article-title":"Unique and related predictors of major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and their comorbidity after Hurricane Katrina","volume":"201","author":"Nillni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7005a3","article-title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Stress and Worry, Mental Health Conditions, and Increased Substance Use Among Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic\u2014United States, April and May 2020","volume":"70","author":"Okoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869314564399","article-title":"Variation in the Protective Effect of Higher Education Against Depression","volume":"5","author":"Bauldry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.019","article-title":"Does a higher educational level protect against anxiety and depression? The HUNT study","volume":"66","author":"Bjelland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2014.09.003","article-title":"Compulsory schooling, education, depression and memory: New evidence from SHARELIFE","volume":"43","author":"Crespo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Econ. Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cusinato, M., Iannattone, S., Spoto, A., Poli, M., Moretti, C., Gatta, M., and Miscioscia, M. (2020). Stress, Resilience, and Well-Being in Italian Children and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228297"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20838","article-title":"Differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a mass traumatic event","volume":"28","author":"Tracy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006706117","article-title":"Lessons from Hurricane Katrina for predicting the indirect health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"117","author":"Raker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffith, A.K. (2020). Parental Burnout and Child Maltreatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J. Fam. Violence.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-020-00172-2"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104699","article-title":"Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"110","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abus. Negl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.671","article-title":"What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress","volume":"75","author":"Bonanno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582352","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.582352","article-title":"Meaning in Life and Self-Control Buffer Stress in Times of COVID-19: Moderating and Mediating Effects with Regard to Mental Distress","volume":"11","author":"Schnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000660","article-title":"Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"Prime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01037-x","article-title":"Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent-Child Relationship","volume":"51","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015977","article-title":"Family stress and parental responses to children\u2019s negative emotions: Tests of the spillover, crossover, and compensatory hypotheses","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fam. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2018.1443710","article-title":"Parent-reported behavioral and emotional responses of children to disaster and parental psychopathology","volume":"23","author":"North","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Loss Trauma"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113293","article-title":"Impact of disaster exposure severity: Cascading effects across parental distress, adolescent PTSD symptoms, as well as parent-child conflict and communication","volume":"264","author":"Bountress","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12100","article-title":"Resilience as Regulation of Developmental and Family Processes","volume":"64","author":"MacPhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2020.08.003","article-title":"Psychological flexibility and inflexibility as sources of resiliency and risk during a pandemic: Modeling the cascade of COVID-19 stress on family systems with a contextual behavioral science lens","volume":"18","author":"Daks","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Context. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa093","article-title":"Parenting-Related Exhaustion during the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown","volume":"45","author":"Marchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6442\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:18:43Z","timestamp":1760138323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19116442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19116442","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]}}}