{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:19:48Z","timestamp":1760231988570,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A metatarsal osteotomy is known to have the effect of reduction of the sesamoid. However, the reduction of the sesamoid is not always completed by a metatarsal osteotomy alone. The purpose of this cadaver study was to show that the improved technique of a modified Akin proximal phalanx osteotomy (MPO) could be helpful for the reduction of the sesamoids in hallux valgus surgery. Ten feet of cadavers were used; the cadavers had hallux valgus on both feet. The first trial of two feet underwent only the MPO. The other eight feet underwent a proximal metatarsal chevron osteotomy and MPO simultaneously. The hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, Hardy\u2019s grade, and Smith\u2019s grade were measured. To predict possible complications, cadavers were dissected after surgery. In the feet that underwent an MPO only, the hallux valgus angle and sesamoid position were improved. In the feet that underwent an MPO and metatarsal osteotomy, the hallux valgus deformity was completely corrected, and the sesamoid position was improved. Overall, the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle improved from 30.6 to 8.4 degrees and from 11.2 to 4.1 degrees, respectively. The sesamoid position was reduced from 5.3 to 2.5 (Hardy) and from 1.7 to 0.7 (Smith). The MPO combined with the metatarsal osteotomy were helpful for reducing the sesamoids compared to the metatarsal osteotomy only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T08:50:22Z","timestamp":1653555022000},"page":"6487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Improved Proximal Phalanx Osteotomy for Reducing Sesamoid in Hallux Valgus Surgery\u2014A Cadaver Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dong-Oh","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SNU Seoul Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4911-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunah","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5129-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dai-Soon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.09.006","article-title":"Is generalized ligamentous laxity a prognostic factor for recurred hallux valgus deformity?","volume":"25","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2014.02.008","article-title":"Recurrence of Hallux Valgus A Review","volume":"19","author":"Raikin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00796","article-title":"Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids as a risk factor for recurrence of hallux valgus","volume":"91","author":"Okuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713517099","article-title":"Proximal reverse chevron metatarsal osteotomy, lateral soft tissue release, and akin osteotomy through a single medial incision for hallux valgus","volume":"35","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B3.376","article-title":"Observations on hallux valgus; based on a controlled series","volume":"33","author":"Hardy","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. 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Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712464356","article-title":"Effect of various hallux valgus reconstruction on sesamoid location: A radiographic study","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.08.023","article-title":"Lateral Sesamoid Position Relative to the Second Metatarsal in Feet With and Without Hallux Valgus: A Prospective Study","volume":"55","author":"Geng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600311","article-title":"Effect of metatarsophalangeal joint position on the reliability of the tangential sesamoid view in determining sesamoid position","volume":"26","author":"Yildirim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6487\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:19:10Z","timestamp":1760138350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19116487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19116487","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1660-4601"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]}}}