{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T03:05:23Z","timestamp":1762052723989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Japan Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare","award":["20H03873","20H03899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03873","20H03899"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["20H03873","20H03899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03873","20H03899"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This one-year multicenter longitudinal study aimed to assess whether older adult residents of long-term care facilities should switch from a normal to a dysphagia diet. Using the results of our previous cross-sectional study as baseline, older adults were subdivided into those who maintained a normal diet and those who switched to a dysphagia diet. The explanatory variables were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Barthel Index, clinical dementia rating (CDR), and 13 simple and 5 objective oral assessments (remaining teeth, functional teeth, oral diadochokinesis, modified water swallowing test, and repetitive saliva swallowing test), which were used in binomial logistic regression analysis. Between-group comparison showed a significantly different BMI, Barthel Index, and CDR. Significant differences were also observed in simple assessments for language, drooling, tongue movement, perioral muscle function, and rinsing and in objective assessments. In multi-level analysis, switching from a normal to a dysphagia diet was significantly associated with simple assessments of tongue movement, perioral muscle function, and rinsing and with the objective assessment of the number of functional teeth. The results suggest that simple assessments can be performed regularly to screen for early signs of discrepancies between food form and eating\/swallowing functions, which could lead to the provision of more appropriate food forms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,29]],"date-time":"2022-05-29T08:50:51Z","timestamp":1653814251000},"page":"6586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Observational Variables for Considering a Switch from a Normal to a Dysphagia Diet among Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: A One-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Maaya","family":"Takeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takae","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenshu","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, 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Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 272-8513, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0691-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Itoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 981-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Umemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Kishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Daito 574-0012, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4469-2366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of 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