{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:06:57Z","timestamp":1782742017509,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim was to evaluate accommodative and binocular function of phakic intraocular lens implantable collamer lens (ICL) in high and low-to-moderate myopia. Prospective comparative cohort study with 38 myopic patients who underwent ICL implantation were divided into two groups of 19 patients, each one based on the spherical equivalent (SE): high-power (SE \u2264 \u22126 D) and low-to-moderate (SE &gt; \u22126 D). The push-up amplitude of accommodation (AA), monocular accommodative facility (MAF), distance and near ocular deviation, near convergence amplitude, near point convergence (NPC), stereopsis, and accommodative convergence\/accommodation (AC\/A) ratio were assessed before surgery and 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. The mean residual refractive error at 1 month after surgery improved in both groups, 0.18 \u00b1 0.34 D and 0.09 \u00b1 0.26 D, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). There was a significant decrease in AA in both groups between preoperatively and at 1-week (p = 0.001; p = 0.008, respectively) and 1-month follow-up (p = 0.001; p = 0.008). For the rest of the binocular measurements, no statistically significant postoperative changes were found in any group. This finding suggests follow-up studies on amplitude of accommodation in phakic intraocular lens ICL implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T09:24:29Z","timestamp":1653989069000},"page":"6716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Changes in Accommodative and Binocular Function following Phakic Intraocular Lens for High and Low-to-Moderate Myopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9110-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"L\u00f3pez-Artero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Poyales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-0081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Matamoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3447-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OCULUS Iberia, S.L., Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miranza Group, C\/Galileo 104, 28003 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Optometry and Vision Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e288","article-title":"Posterior-chamber phakic implantable collamer lenses with a central port: A review","volume":"99","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"11206721211012861","article-title":"Posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens implantation: Comparison of efficacy and safety for low and moderate-to-high myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, Y., Zhao, J., Niu, L., Shi, W., Wang, X., and Zhou, X. (2021). Long-term evaluation of anterior lens density after implantable collamer lens V4c implantation in patients with myopia over 40 years old. Br. J. Ophthalmol., 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319205"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e145","article-title":"Binocular vision alterations after refractive and cataract surgery: A review","volume":"97","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, T., Zhu, Y., and Zhou, J. (2020). Optical quality after posterior chamber Phakic implantation of an intraocular Lens with a central hole (V4c implantable Collamer Lens) under different lighting conditions. BMC Ophthalmol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01340-0"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00529.x","article-title":"Accommodation in emmetropic and myopic young adults wearing bifocal soft contact lenses","volume":"28","author":"Tarrant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00479.x","article-title":"Magnification and accommodation with phakic intraocular lenses","volume":"27","author":"Langenbucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25957","article-title":"IMI\u2014Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies","volume":"60","author":"Flitcroft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.049","article-title":"Time course of accommodation after implantable collamer lens implantation","volume":"146","author":"Kamiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0275-5408(95)90576-N","article-title":"Push-up amplitude of accommodation and target size","volume":"15","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"31","article-title":"A review of the literature and a normative study of accommodative facility","volume":"55","author":"Zellers","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.4.23","article-title":"Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Rasch Analysis of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS)","volume":"9","author":"Barrio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181989252","article-title":"Validity of the convergence insufficiency symptom survey: A confirmatory study","volume":"86","author":"Rouse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"American Academy of Ophthalmology (2014). Diagnostic evaluation of strabismus and torticollisPediatric ophthalmology and strabismus San Francisco (CA). American Academy of Ophthalmology Basic and Clinical Science Course, American Academy of Ophthalmology."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200303000-00011","article-title":"Nearpoint of convergence: Test procedure, target selection, and normative data","volume":"80","author":"Scheiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2018.1529450","article-title":"The Normal Accommodative Convergence\/Accommodation (AC\/A) Ratio","volume":"68","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Binocul. Vis. Ocul. Motil."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12009","article-title":"Statistical guidelines for the analysis of data obtained from one or both eyes","volume":"33","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheskin, D. (2021). Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429186196"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"633","article-title":"Accommodation perimeters after phakic posterior chamber implantable contact lens implantation","volume":"49","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1701690","article-title":"Comparative Study of Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation in Treating Four Degrees of Myopia: Six-Month Observation of Visual Results, Higher-Order Aberrations, and Amplitude of Accommodation","volume":"45","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"113","article-title":"The effects of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation on accommodative function in high myopia","volume":"57","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16434","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016434","article-title":"Accommodation changes after visian implantable collamer lens with central hole for high myopia: A STROBE-compliant article","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.001","article-title":"Ultrasound biomicroscopy of anterior segment accommodative changes with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens in high myopia","volume":"119","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-194909000-00002","article-title":"Accommodation and convergence with contact lenses","volume":"26","author":"Alpern","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am. J. Optom. Arch. Am. Acad Optom."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.08.009","article-title":"Kinetic visual acuity, stereopsis, and ocular deviation with an implantable collamer lens","volume":"45","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2014.28.2.150","article-title":"Changes in the accommodation-convergence relationship after the Artisan phakic intraocular lens implantation for myopic patients","volume":"28","author":"Ryu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.10.007","article-title":"Phakic intraocular lenses: Part 2: Results and complications","volume":"36","author":"Kohnen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.171510","article-title":"Changes in stereoacuity following implantable Collamer lens implantation in patients with myopia","volume":"63","author":"Khokhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00492-X","article-title":"Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens for the correction of anisometropia and treatment of amblyopia","volume":"130","author":"BenEzra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for the correction of high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in adults","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"e21-27 e28","article-title":"Visual acuity, refractive error, and regression outcomes in 169 children with high myopia who were implanted with Ophtec-Artisan or Visian phakic IOLs","volume":"25","author":"Faron","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. AAPOS"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6716\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:22:31Z","timestamp":1760138551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/11\/6716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph19116716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19116716","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]}}}